USING HDPE IN HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING Richard G

USING HDPE IN HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING Richard G. Kraft – VP Sales Marketing Endot Industries, Inc. December 15, 2010

What is HDPE It is not a definition of conduit, water pipe or any other type of pipe HDPE is a type of Plastic

PE – Chemical abbreviation for Polyethylene One of the least expensive plastics Almost Chemically Inert No Know glue will stick to it High ductility Never brittle if quality material

HD = High Density There also Medium Density (MDPE) & Low Density (LDPE) PE products available’ Density is a indication of flexibility and strength. More Flexible also means Less Strong.

HDPE is the product of choice for many piping applications HDPE offers Long term Durability - up to 100 years using PE 4710 resin Strength to handle pressure both internal and external. Flexibility – Bends around object in the pipe line path thus eliminates Joints.

HDPE Pipe Applications Water Pipe Pressure rated to over 300 psi Will outlast copper in “hot” soil Sewer Pipe Takes advantage of Chemical Inert property as well as Pressure rated

Natural Gas & Propane Gas Pipe 95% of the natural gas distribution lines in the USA are HDPE or MDPE Most Propane Gas Lines are HDPE or MDPE Well suited for gas: Exceptionally long life Chemically Inert High Ductility

Telecommunications Conduit – non-pressure rated and often lower tensile yield material. Electrical Conduit – Usually the same material as Telecom Conduit. HDPE has a very high dielectric strength – it does not conduct electricity.

Geothermal Pipe: Most installations are not Directionally Drilled In areas with large open spaces where horizontal installations are used HDD is becoming more common

Properties of HDPE for Water Pipe, Sewer Pipe, Geothermal Pipe and Gas Pipe: Resin Properties Melt Index (I 2) @190°C/2. 16 kg, g/10 min Flow Rate (I 21) @190°C/21. 60 kg, g/10 min Density (natural resin), g/cc Density(2), g/cc Thermal Stability, °F (°C) ASTM D 1238 ASTM D 792 ASTM D 3350 Mechanical Properties(4) Tensile Strength at Yield, psi (MPa) Elongation at Break, % Flexural Modulus, psi (MPa) Notched Izod Impact @ 23°C, ft� lbf/in. (J/m) Brittleness Temperature, °F (°C) Slow Crack Growth PENT, hours Cell Classification ASTM D 638 3600 (24. 8) ASTM D 638 740 ASTM D 790, method 1, 150, 000 (1034) procedure B ASTM D 256, method A 9. 1 (488) ASTM D 746, procedure A <-103 (<-75) ASTM F 1473 >10, 000 ASTM D 3350 445574 C Pipe Properties(2) Hydrostatic Strength @ 20°C/ 1798 psi (12. 4 Mpa), hr. Hydrostatic Strength @ 80°C/ 798 psi (5. 5 Mpa), hr. Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation(5), Pc, psi (bar) Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation(5), Tc, °F (°C) 0. 08 7. 0 0. 949 0. 959 >428 (>220) ASTM 1598 >1000 SO 13477 >174 (>12) ISO 13477 <2 (<-17)

Types of HDPE for Water, Sewer, Gas & Geothermal PE 2406 - MDPE PE 2708 – MDPE – Newer Designation for 2406 PE 3408 - HDPE PE 3608 – HDPE – Newer Designation for 3408 PE 4710 – HDPE – New to USA - High Performance Material (used in Europe for over 30 years) also called PE-100

Properties of HDPE for Conduit: MINIMUM SPECIFICATION APPLICABLE STANDARDS MATERIALS - PER CONDUIT STANDARD ASTM F 2160 ASTM Test Method. Property ASTM D 4883 ASTM D 1238 ASTM D 638 ASTM D 790 ASTM D 2240 ASTM D 648 ASTM D 1693 ASTM D 746 ASTM D 3895 ASTM D 3350 Typical Values Density 0. 946 g/cc Melt Index 0. 25 g/10 min Tensile Strength @ Yield 3500 psi Elongation @ Break > 800 % Flexural Modulus 120, 000 psi Hardness (Shore D) 68 Deflection Temperature @ 66 psi 156 o. F Environmental Stress Crack Resistance Condition B > 1000 hrs. Brittleness Temp > - 180 o F Modified OIT @ 200 o C >20 min. Cell Classification 335440 A

Standards & Certifications In Water and Sewer – Utilize a product with NSF Certification Third Party Certification Safe for Potable Water use Meets ASTM Standards as advertised Meets Pressure Rating advertised What is AWWA ? A self certifying standard. A very good standard, but no third party assurance of quality.

Standards & Certifications Gas Pipe – Currently no Third Party Certification for gas pipe Ask producer what gas utilities purchase their products. This is a good sign of quality products.

Standards & Certifications Telecommunications & Electrical Conduit No Third Party Certification for Telecom UL 651 is a Third Party Certification for Electrical Conduit Do your own research. TOO often price drives this market Lower prices often mean lower quality.

What Happens When You chose The Wrong Product? • Ovalization • Stretching and Necking Down • Possible Break of the Pipe

So What HDPE product do you use? It Depends on the Application

For Water – Sewer – Geothermal The End User Usually Specifies It will be a PE 4710 or PE 3608 material With a Specified Pressure Rating or SDR

For Gas There are two consideration: 1) HDPE or MDPE? - What is approved by the Local Utility ? 2) What Size? - What BTU requirement does the Equipment you are connecting Require?

So What HDPE product do you use? High PE Tensile = Higher Pipe Tensile Thicker Walls = Less likely to have reduced Strength due to Scratching in HDD placement Typical PE Tensile Strength @ Yield is 3500 psi Caution: PE Tensile Yield Declines as Temperature Rises

Adjust for Temperature PE is a Thermo Plastic - The hotter it gets the softer it gets. TENSILE YIELD STRENGTHS Adjusted for Temperature (F) 73 100 120 140 PE 3408 3, 500 psi 2, 800 psi 2, 300 psi 1, 800 psi

MINIMUM BENDING RADIUS DR Ratio 32. 5 26 21 17 15. 5 11 Minimum Radius Factor 40 36 32 26 24 or lower 20 Diameter x MRF = inches bend radius required 1. 315” x 20 = 26. 3” (2. 19 ft. ) 4. 50 x 20 = 90” (7. 5 ft. )

SDR Another Way to Look at Tensile Strength SDR = Standard Dimension Ratio Controlling Dimension divided by Wall Thickness The Larger the Number the Thinner the Wall 4” SDR 11 = OD of 4. 5” & Wall of 0. 409” = 7200 psi 4” SDR 13. 5 = OD of 4. 5” & Wall of 0. 333” = 6000 psi 4” Schd 80 = OD of 4. 5” & Wall of. 337” = 6000 psi 4” Schd 40 = OD of 4. 5” & Wall of. 237” = 4300 psi Less Wall = Less Tensile Strength

Table 5 From Chapter 12 of the PPI – PE Handbook Horizontal Directional Drilling IPS Size 1. 25 1. 5 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Nom. OD 1. 66 1. 9 2. 375 3. 5 4. 5 6. 625 8. 625 10. 75 12. 75 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 SDR 9 983 1288 2013 4371 7226 15661 26544 41235 58006 69937 91347 115611 142729 172703 205530 241213 279750 321141 Lbs. Force Allowed on Pull Back SDR 11 SDR 13. 5 823 683 1078 895 1684 1398 3658 3035 6046 5018 13105 10876 22212 18434 34505 28636 48538 40282 58522 48568 76437 63435 96741 80285 119433 99118 144514 119932 171983 142729 201841 167509 234088 194271 268724 223015 SDR 17 551 722 1128 2450 4050 8779 14880 23115 32516 39204 51205 64806 80008 96809 115211 135213 156815 180017

Tools to Assist in Selecting the Correct Pipe Web Information: • www. plasticpipe. org - PPI – Plastic Pipe Institute – • PE Handbook Chapter 12 - HDD • Bore Aid - http: //ppi. boreaid. com/ Simplified Pipe Calculations for HDD • PPI TR-46 - Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of High Density Polyethylene Pipe • www. boreaid. com – A very detailed calculator for Pipe Selection Requires a paid Subscription to Use

Quick and Easy HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING (HDD) PIPE CALCULATIONS PPI. BOREAID. COM

A web and desktop tool that: Completes preliminary Horizontal Directional Drilling pipe calculations in accordance with Chapter 12 of the PPI Handbook and ASTM F 1962

Online (webtool) available at: PPI. BOREAID. COM • Easy and quick to use • Guides users through the pipe design process • Provides a Preliminary Analysis of PE pipe Suitability for HDD Projects • Helps to ensure that successful HDD projects are completed with PE pipes

PPI. BOREAID. COM This tool is geared to higher end Pressure Pipe products. If you use this tool for conduit installations be conservative and use the PE 2708 resin (vs. PE 4710 or PE 3608) to compensate for lower tensile yield resin.

PPI. BOREAID. COM Link will be available for free use and download in late 2010 http: //ppi. boreaid. com/ Paper on this new tool has been accepted for presentation at No. Dig 2011 in Washington DC

Failed analysis highlighted

When In Doubt! Chose a Low SDR (11 or 9) For Water or Sewer Chose a Higher pressure rating than you need. Higher pressure = thicker walls. For Gas Chose a lower SDR than is called for (9 vs. 11) For Conduit Chose a Lower SDR A Larger vs. a Smaller ID When pulling cables into a Directionally Drilled Conduit a larger conduit offers lower friction than a smaller conduit. Never less than 1 -1/2”.

When you are Finished Leave Extra Pipe Sticking out of the Ground HDPE is elastic – It will stretch during a pull and will contract when left to relax. HDPE shrinks as it gets colder If you don’t pay attention to this – The next morning you may not have any pipe showing above ground.

Questions?

Thank you for your attention this afternoon. If you have any questions after you leave feel free to contact me. rkraft@endot. com Office – 800 -44 ENDOT (800 -443 -6368)