Using GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches for Crop

Using GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches for Crop Suitability Mapping 利用GIS与空间分析法进行作物适应性作图 Authors: David B. Hannaway Professor of Crop Science 韩大卫 - 俄勒冈州立大学教授 Christopher Daly Professor of Geosciences 戴克利 - 俄勒冈州立大学教授 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

GIS-based species suitability mapping 利用GIS与空间分析法进行作物适应性作图 • Historical approaches • New approach – modeling and mapping climate and soil and defining quantitative tolerances, then matching • USDA-FAS-EMP project provided funding for detailed climate mapping • USDA-FAS-RSED project provided funding for soil mapping • PRISM group developed IMS application for quantitative tolerances evaluation • Combination mapped • Field trials used for validation GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches • 过去的方法 • 新方法-对气候和土壤进行 建模和测绘并定量决定容限, 据此进行匹配 • USDA-FAS-EMP项目提供具 体气候测绘的经费 • USDA-FAS-RSED项目提供土 壤测绘的经费 • PRISM小组为量化容限评估 开发IMS应用程序 • 组合测绘 • 田间实验验证 GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Historical approaches … 过去的方法 Before current computer tools were available for generating GIS-based maps, general adaptation zone maps were used: 在使用计算机进行GIS测绘的 方法出现以前，一般适应区 地图被广泛采用。 Typically, these maps were: • Produced by a graphics artist working with an agronomist • Based on broad groupings of climate and soils • Not able to be combined with multiple sources of information • Of minimal value for decision making 这些地图的特点是： • 由平面设计师和农学家合作 完成 • 对气候和土壤只进行大致 分类 • 无法整合多种信息资源 • 对决策支持的作用小 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

New approach … 新方法… GIS manipulate and display layers GIS可以细致展现随空间 of spatially variable data, including: 变化的各项数据, 包括: • geo-physical features • 地理物理特性(地形， (topography, soil traits, waters) 土壤特性，水文) • climate spatial data (rainfall, • 气候空间数据(降雨， 气温，辐射) temperature, radiation) • biological characteristics (plant • 生物特性(植物/动物 容限) or animal tolerances) • 地理行政信息(行政边 • geo-political information 界，城市中心，基础交通 (political boundaries, urban ) centers, transportation infrastructure). GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Digital Elevation Model: GTOPO 30, 1 km resolution 数字高程模型 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Annual Precipitation 中国年均降水量 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

January Minimum Temperature 中国一月平均最低气温 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

July Maximum Temperature 中国七月平均最高气温 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Soil p. H 土壤p. H值 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Quantitative Approach and IMS 量化研究方法和IMS l l Traditional approach has been qualitative New quantitative approach uses spatial data layers and integrates with crop tolerance values Tolerance values have been mapped Internet Map Server used for developing and mapping tolerances • 传统方法是定性的 • 新的定量的方法使用空间数 据层, 并将农作物容限值融入 其中 • 容限值也已被测绘 • 使用网络地图服务器来完善 数据, 测绘容限 Current quantitative, dynamic approach. GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Species suitability mapping: Internet Map Server 物种适应性测绘：网络地图服务器 http: //prism. nacse. org/gis/forages GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Quantitative Climate Tolerances 量化气候标准 Species Max. Temp (°C) Min. Temp. (°C) Annual Precipitation (mm) Tall Fescue 22 - 32 -10 625 Orchardgrass 22 - 31 -7. 5 625 Perennial Ryegrass 22 - 30 -5 625 Tall Fescue 20 - 34 -15 450 Orchardgrass 20 - 33 -12. 5 490 Perennial Ryegrass 20 - 32 -10 525 Tall Fescue 18 - 36 -20 300 Orchardgrass 18 – 35 -17. 5 375 Perennial Ryegrass 18 - 34 -15 450 Well Adapted Moderately Adapted Marginally Adapted GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Species suitability mapping: Internet Map Server http: //prism. nacse. org/gis/forages 物种适应性测绘： 网络地图服务器 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Species suitability maps: Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 高羊茅的适应性地图 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Species suitability maps: Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 高羊茅的适应性地图 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Species suitability maps: Validation 物种适应性地图：验证 l l l Validate maps with field-based trials • 田间实验验证地图 • 将先进技术和传统方 Link advanced technologies with traditional approaches 法联系起来 Enlist local experts to assist with • 邀请当地专家协助开 development and validation 发和验证 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Project products l Research-based and validated, GIS-based – climate, soil, and species suitability maps: Ø Ø l 项目成果 Web – Forage Information System, PRISM Group, Printed – “China Map Atlas” Tools for optimal matching of forage, soil conservation, and turf grasses with specific locations and intended uses: Ø Information System for DSS approaches Ø Internet Map Server for creation of new maps • 经过研究和验证的GIS 气候、土壤和物种 适应性地图： Ø 网络牧草信息系统, PRISM Ø《中国地图集》 • 为特定地区和用途的牧草，土壤保持和 草坪优化开发的 具： Ø DDS信息系统 Ø 用以开发新地图的网络地图服务器 GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Current and future work 目前和以后的 作 • 继续完善每项指标，包括温度、 • Developing functions for each factor (temperature, precipitation, 降水、p. H值、排水、盐份等 • 完善建立空间经济模型的方法 p. H, drainage, salinity, etc. ) • Developing approaches for spatial • 应用到生物能源和生物作物中去 • 探索应用到入侵物种中的可能性 economic modeling • Applying to bioenergy and bioproducts crops • Exploring potential for use with invasive species applications Spartina alternaflora GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches Y=106. 97*exp(-0. 5*((x-6. 68)/1. 54)^2) (R^2= 0. 99) GIS 测绘和入侵种管理

Summary 小结 Using GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches to Species Suitability Mapping 利用GIS与空间分析法进行作物适应性作图 l l l Optimal matching of species and varieties to environment and management as a key to long-term success. Involves change from qualitative to quantitative ecology approach. Combining new computerbased tools with traditional field-based techniques to solve real-world, practical problems. • 物种/品种与环境和管理 的优化匹配是取得长期成功 的关键 • 从定性到定量的生态方法 的转变 • 将计算机等新 具和传统 的田间技术结合起来，解决 实际问题 Additional details can be found on web segment http: //forages. oregonstate. edu/ GIS and Spatial Analysis Approaches GIS 测绘和入侵种管理