Using Energy All living things must be able

Using Energy • All living things must be able to break down glucose to produce energy. Where do dogs get their glucose? Where do plants get their glucose? THEIR FOOD PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Okay, so you’ve eaten a good meal & there’s plenty of glucose in your body. Is this energy ready to be used? NO Your body needs to convert glucose into a form of energy that it can use. Glucose ATP Remember! ATP is the form of energy that your body can use, so glucose needs to be converted into ATP!

Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

Cellular Respiration • The process of converting stored energy (glucose) into energy the cell can use (ATP) 6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP Oxygen + Glucose Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

GLUCOSE ( C 6 H 12 O 6 )

GLUC ( C 6 H OSE 12 O 6 )

GLUC ( C 6 H OSE 12 O 6 )

GLUC ( C 6 H OSE 12 O 6 )

ENERGY ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Cellular Respiration If Oxygen is Available Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis If No Oxygen is Available Fermentation CR begins with Glycolysis. If oxygen is available, the next step is the Krebs Cycle & ETC. If no oxygen is available, the next step is fermentation.

Glycolysis 1. The process by which glucose molecules are split into 2 pyruvic acid molecules while in the cytoplasm; 2 ATP are produced 2 pyruvic acid molecules

Glycolysis • The pyruvic acid may enter the mitochondria & complete aerobic respiration… OR • It can remain in the cytoplasm & undergo anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic Respiration Cellular Respiration If Oxygen is Available Krebs Cycle Glycolysis

Aerobic Respiration (Oxygen Available) 2. The pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria & enters the Krebs Cycle. 3. During the Krebs Cycle, 2 ATP are produced as well as 2 electron carrying molecules (NADH & FADH 2). – NADH & FADH 2 carry excited electrons.

KREBS CYCLE CO 2 is also produced as a byproduct of the Krebs Cycle! ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Aerobic Respiration Cellular Respiration If Oxygen is Available Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis

4. Electron Transport Chain: energized electrons are moved through the electron transport chain, generating 32 ATP. The ETC takes place in the membranes of the mitochondria. The electrons are carried through the ETC by proteins, which generates ATP.

The energy from the electrons causes hydrogen ions (H+) to flow through the mitochondrial membrane. The flow of H+ ions drives ATP Synthase, which produces ATP.

Aerobic Respiration 5. Lastly, O 2 accepts the used electrons & forms H 2 O & some energy is lost as heat.

KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Where does glycolysis take place? A. B. C. D. Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplast Cytoplasm!

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place? A. B. C. D. Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplast Mitochondria!

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place? A. B. C. D. Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplast Mitochondria!

Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Step 1 – Glycolysis, 2 ATP produced • Step 2 – Krebs Cycle, 2 ATP produced • Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain, 32 ATP produced 36 ATP produced TOTAL!

Anaerobic Respiration Cellular Respiration Glycolysis If No Oxygen is Available Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration • Occurs if NO oxygen is available! • 2 types of fermentation could occur: – Lactic Acid Fermentation: pyruvic acid turns into lactic acid – Alcoholic Fermentation: pyruvic acid turns into ethyl alcohol

Lactic Acid Fermentation • Occurs in muscle cells – Lactic Acid builds up in your muscles, which causes pain & soreness. • Also used by bacteria, which are used in food production (yogurt, sourdough bread, pickles, etc. )

Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeast & other microorganisms perform this. – Carbon dioxide is a byproduct. – Used to help us make bread (CO 2 makes the bread rise) & wine.

Where does anaerobic respiration take place? A. B. C. D. Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplast Cytoplasm!

Which pathway produces more ATP? A. Aerobic Respiration B. Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic! Aerobic produces 36 ATP, while anaerobic only produces 2 ATP.