USING DIEL AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN DISSOLVED METABOLITES
USING DIEL AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN DISSOLVED METABOLITES AND CONSERVATIVE TRACERS TO EXPLORE THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRIENT LOADING ON STREAM ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION American Water Resources Association Montana Section 2019 Conference – October 10, 2019 Nimick et al. 2011 Gallatin River Task Force STORB, M. B. 1, PAYN, R. A. 1, 2, D’ANDRILLI, J. 1 1 Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA 2 Institute on Ecosystems, Montana University System, MT, USA
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Robert Payn Organizations: Dr. Juliana D’Andrilli Field Help Emily Hultin Ben Farrick Taylor Zabel James R. Junker Eric A. Scholl Forrest Vogel Stephanie Lynn Anna Price Dr. Kristin Gardiner Rebecca Beam • The Gallatin River Task Force • Meadow Village Golf Course • Big Sky Resort • Big Sky Water and Sewer District • The Environmental Analytical Lab (Montana State University) The Payn Watershed Hydrology Lab
DIEL (24 HR) PATTERNS IN STREAM WATER Nimick et al. 2011
DIEL PATTERNS IN NUTRIENTS Hensley and Cohen, 2016
BIG SKY, MONTANA Meadow Village Area Aerial photos – courtesy of Montana Bureau of mines and Geology 1970 Meadow Village Area 2013
THE NEW WEST INFLUENCE ON THE BIG SKY WATERSHED Listed as an impaired watershed in 2010 • Samples collected from 2002 -2008
THE WEST FORK OF THE GALLATIN RIVER Stream flow
STREAM ECOSYSTEM INFLUENCES AND STUDY SITES Stream flow Low N Site Sewage Treatment Ponds Golf Course High N Site
OBJECTIVES: • Evaluate seasonal patterns in diel variation of conservative tracers • Evaluate seasonal and diel dissolved metabolite signals • TMDL (water quality) implications • Evaluate differences in metabolic regimes under different nutrient loading situations
TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN CONSERVATIVE TRACERS SULFATE [SO 42 -] ->Groundwater Signal Little diel variation [SO 42 -] with Q [SO 42 -] from groundwater inputs between the reaches scales with flow
TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN CONSERVATIVE TRACERS CHLORIDE [Cl-] -> Wastewater signal [Cl-] with Q for the upstream reach [Cl-] downstream of Golf Course (wastewater source) during summer [Cl-] episodic changes, potentially due to tile drainage
DIEL & SEASONAL VARIATION IN METABOLITES NITRATE [NO 3 -] Anthropogenic Nutrient Source [NO 3 -] at night (no uptake) [NO 3 -] during the day [NO 3 -] downstream of Golf Course (wastewater source)
DIEL [NO 3 -]: IMPLICATIONS FOR WATER QUALITY, N EXPORT Total Maximum Daily Load: TMDL (mass day-1) = Q* target maximum [ NO 3 -] Normal sample collection timing: Summer, mid- day West Fork of the Gallatin River Instream target maximum concentration: NO 3 - + NO 2 - = 0. 1 (mg L-1)
Load (kg day-1) [NO 3 -] INFLUENCE ON LOAD – VARIATION IN TMDL
METABOLIC REGIMES
ONE STATION METABOLISM ESTIMATES
UPSTREAM Q (m 3 7/20/16 8/17/16 9/16/16 10/27/16 sec-1) Ave Depth (m) DOWNSTREAM GPP ER K 600 (g m-2 day-1) (day-1) Ave Depth (m) GPP ER K 600 (g m-2 day-1) (day-1) 0. 39 0. 21 3. 29 -7. 34 80 0. 20 4. 51 -4. 22 34 0. 21 0. 19 4. 38 -7. 87 80 0. 17 7. 85 -8. 25 34 0. 22 0. 19 3. 68 -7. 88 80 0. 17 2. 28 -3. 08 34 0. 50 0. 23 4. 08 -9. 21 80 0. 22 1. 76 -2. 71 34
TAKE HOME POINTS Diel variation is important - In human altered systems how do we know when we are under sampling? - TMDL implications - Metabolite signals are driven by a combination of anthropogenic influence and metabolic processing - Cycling of nutrients and other elements can both depend on and influence metabolic patterns Questions?
AMONIUM NH 4+
PHOSPHATE PO 43 -
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