USEPA Smart Way Technology Program and Research Update

USEPA Smart. Way Technology Program and Research Update Presentation for Truck-Trailer Manufacturer Association’s Industry and Government Meeting July 28, 2016 Sam Waltzer Julie Hawkins Dennis Johnson 1

Overview 1. Aerodynamics Program Update 2. Testing and Research Programs 3. Near and distant priorities 2

Smart. Way Trailer and Aerodynamics Verification New programs introduced in 2014 Scope 53’ Van trailers Trailer Designation Levels Smart. Way Trailer Smart. Way “Elite” Trailer (5% fuel savings from aero) (1% fuel savings from tires) (9% fuel savings from aero) (1% fuel savings from tires) 9% or more fuel savings 5% (5. 0 – 8. 9) fuel savings 4% (4. 0 – 4. 9) fuel savings 1% (1. 0 – 3. 9) fuel savings Aero Device Performance Bins New Track Test Methods 53’ Refrigerated trailers Fleet-relevant Credibility Simplicity Recognition Coastdow n Tunnel CFD Choice of new 2014 test method for verification and option to supplement with additional test methods Web table indicating all methods used to verify a device 3

Smart. Way Technology aero activity continuing implementation of new program Protocols • Wind Tunnel, Track & Coast Down • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) • – Considering validation process for CFD tools – Engaging manufacturers for input Technologies that may not be appropriate for certain test methods Testing • Tunnel, track and coastdown performance demonstrations • Additional full scale testing planned 4

Updated Smart. Way aero verification Manufacturers verifying products in all of the performance bins New Program Level New Verifications Verification Method (% fuel savings) 9%+ 10 packages 10 Wind tunnel 5% 4 Devices or systems 3 Wind tunnel 1 Coastdown 4% 5 Devices 5 wind tunnel 1% 1 System 1 Wind tunnel Elite Opportunity for Feedback: § Is multiple-method approach building fleet confidence in verified products? § Are there barriers to using full-scale methods? § Will fleets have less confidence without J 1321 testing? Note: Verifications based upon previous test protocol remain valid. Data above reflects new verifications that must use the new methods. Additional applications are pending review. 5

Wind Tunnel Research on Trailer Aero Combinations Aerodynamic Drag Reductions from individual and Combinations of Trailer Aerodynamic Components § Combinations work – bigger packages produce bigger fuel savings. § Synergy – Sometimes aero devices work together to save more fuel than the sum of their individual results. § Wind angles – Some devices work better at higher wind angles. *Aerodynamic drag measured using a wind tunnel and 1/8 th scale model representing a class 8, long-haul, tractor-trailer. 6

Smart. Way Tire Testing Objectives: 1. Audit testing of verified tires 2. Consider potential lab variability 3. Retread protocol update 4. Review test methods 5. Effect of tire characteristics and test conditions Methods • SAE J 1269 and ISO 28580 • Track and coast down 7

Tire Research - Fuel Savings vs Rolling Resistance Percent Reduction in Fuel Consumption 12 LRR tires on tractor & trailer 10 8 LRR tires on tractor only LRR tires on trailer only 6 4 Baseline tires 2 R 2 = 0. 8965 0 -2 5 5. 5 6 6. 5 7 7. 5 8 Vehicle Coefficient of Rolling Resistance, kg/ton 9/9/2020 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 8

Smart. Way Research of Refrigerated Trailers & Sea Containers (a. k. a. , “Reefers”) • • Smart. Way and EPA’s Ports Initiative are currently studying the potential benefits of commercially available e. TRUs (i. e. , diesel hybrid, electric stand-by, and all-electric TRUs) as well as barriers to their adoption. Study to include a reefer market analysis and testing of representative samples of e. TRUs. Study will be used to determine potential energy efficiency and environmental benefits of e. TRU technologies including their ability to meet climate control needs in regional or long haul transport. e. TRU technologies to demonstrate a significant range of improvement over conventional diesel reefers will assist EPA in encouraging fleet adoption and support Smart. Way and Port Initiative program efforts. 9

Near-term Smart. Way Technology Priorities Aero Tires 1. More devices verified using new protocols A. Ongoing audit testing 2. More devices verified using more -than-one protocol 3. Smart. Way research published B. Smart. Way research published C. Updated retread protocol D. Digital application process 4. Smart. Way CFD protocol to complement track, wind tunnel, and coastdown procedures 10

Opportunity Areas for Smart. Way Technologies Trailers in US* § Existing tractors and trailers 12 million Pre-2018 Trailers § Finding replacement tires and retreads that save fuel § Evaluating aerodynamic retrofits 2018 and Newer Trailers 150 thousand 2018 Years Tractors in US* § New tractors and trailers § Helping fleets find most fuel efficient options based upon certification data & innovation 2. 7 million Pre-2014 Tractors 2014 and Newer Tractors 185 thousand 2014 Years 11 * For illustration purposes only

Smart. Way Technology Program Looking Forward § Smart. Way Technology mission remains relatively the same… Accelerate adoption of fuel-saving technologies in freight movement by helping fleets find and use technologies that work 12

For Distant priorities - We need your input! How can Smart. Way better help adoption of fuel saving technologies? For existing trailers • How can the verified technology listings be improved? • What information can help fleets? • Should Smart. Way Tech expand into new sectors or applications? For new trailers • What should Smart. Way consider for tractor-trailer technology options? • Are there other tractors or trailer types we should include? • How can we best work with manufacturers on test programs & guidance? • How might we update the Smart. Way Designated Trailer criteria in the future. 13

http: //www. epa. gov/smartway/forpartners/technology. htm USEPA Technology mailbox: Tech_Assessment@epa. gov TAC Director: Dennis Johnson (johnson. dennis@epa. gov) Smart. Way Aerodynamics contact: Sam Waltzer (waltzer. sam@epa. gov) Julie Hawkins (hawkins. julie@epa. gov) Smart. Way Idle Reduction Technology contact: Victor Mc. Mahan (mcmahan. victor@epa. gov) Smart. Way Tires contact: 14 Joe Bachman (bachman. joseph@epa. gov) Anthony Erb (erb. anthony@epa. gov)