Use quotation marks before and after the exact

Use quotation marks before and after the exact words of a speaker. I use it every day. I’m retired, so I have a lot of free time, and I use it to visit Paris. The man said, “I use it everyday. I’m retired, so I have a lot of free time, and I use it to visit Paris. ” 1

Don’t use quotation marks in reported speech. I change bikes within the free 30 minutes, so I never have to pay. He said that he changes bikes within the free 30 minute period, so he never has to pay. 2

Reported Speech Direct Speech: David: “I am going to the movies tonight. ” Reported Speech: David said that he was going to the movies tonight. David says that he is going to the movies tonight. 3

Reported Speech: Verb Forms In Noun Clauses If the reporting verb is simple past (e. g. said or told), the verb in the noun clause will usually also be in the past form. Example: “I watch TV every day. ” → She said she watched TV every day. Example: “I watched TV. ” → She said she had watched TV. Example: “I can watch TV. ” → She said she could watch TV. 4

Reported Speech: Verb Forms In Noun Clauses Sometimes, in spoken English, no change is made in the noun clause verb, especially if the speaker is reporting something immediately or soon after it was said. Immediate Reporting: - What did the teacher just say? I didn't hear him. - He said that he wants us to read Chapter 6. Later Reporting: - I didn't go to class yesterday. Did Mr. Jones give homework? - Yes. He said he wanted us to read Chapter 6. 5

Reported Speech: Verb Forms In Noun Clauses When the reporting verb is simple present, present perfect, or future, the noun clause verb is not changed. Example: “I watch TV every day. ” → She says she watches TV every day. Example: “I watch TV every day. ” → She has said she watches TV every day. Example: “I watch TV every day. ” → She will say she watches TV every day. 6

Exercise: Looking at Grammar Complete the sentences with a past form of the verbs in parentheses. 1. ) A: The test is scheduled for Monday. B: Really? I heard it (schedule) _______ for Tuesday. 2. ) A: It's raining outside. B: Really? I thought it (snow) ______. 3. ) A: Antonio hasn't applied for a job yet. B: That's not what I heard he (apply) _______ for work at his uncle's company. 7

Interview a partner. Use a that-clause in your answers 1. What is something that you are sorry about in the past? 2. What is something about science that amazes you? 3. What is something about school that annoys you? 4. What is something you are proud of? 5. What is something that you are relieved happened? 6. What is something that you are worried about for the future? 8