Use of Nonwoven Media for Gas Turbine Air

Use of Non-woven Media for Gas Turbine Air Inlet Filtration Mc. Leod Stephens Jr. Sales Manager – Gas Turbine Aftermarket Nederman LLC

Pneumafil Nederman NAFA – April, 2016 Mcleod Stephens Use of non-woven media for gas turbine air inlet filtration 2

Who is Nederman? • A 70 year old company founded in Sweden by Philip Nederman. • Focus on air filtration solutions for industrial processes. • Acquired the filtration assets of EFT Environmental Filtration Technologies 9/2012 • Mikro. Pul • Menardi • Pneumafil 3

Development of Non-woven filter media for air inlets of gas turbines • Understanding Filtration Needs of Gas Turbines • Why media requirements differ from other types of industrial air filtration processes • Media used for types of filter house designs • Challenges and needs for gas turbine filter house users. 4

Air Inlet Filtration for gas Turbines System installations with between 80 and 1800 filters installed Up to ½ million Ft² per filter house 5

Turbine inlets - Industrial 6

Turbine inlets- ocean 7

Turbine inlets - desert 8

Filtering dusts in varied environments Rural Urban Arctic Coastal Desert Offshore 9

Why Gas Turbine Inlet filtration is challenging Reference by The Donaldson Company on Turbine Filter Specifications 10

Why GT Air Inlet Filtration so Special? 11 2011 Cam. Fil Presentation at Filtration Conference

The performance points – EN 1822 HEPA PERFORMANCE • E 10 = 85% @ MPPS • E 11 = 95% @ MPPS • E 12 = 95. 7% @ MMPS 12

Types of Air Inlet Filtration • Self Cleaning Pulse systems • Canister style filters similar in design to industrial dust collector cartridges • Can automatically reverse clean to manage the air flow restriction caused by dust loading. • Typically surface loaded media • Designed for high durability due to operating conditions 13

The Pulse Jet Cleaning System Use 80 – 110 PSI of compressed air to back pulse filters 14

Self-Cleaning Pulse Jet Cartridge • Final filter – Cartridge (s) • Wet Laid or spun bond • F 7 – F 9, MERV 11 – 16 • 226 Ft² (single) • 500 Ft² (filter set) • Air flow from 700 CFM – 1760 CFM • DP: Designed for 1” w. c. at start up • Media rate – 3. 0/3. 5: 1 • Designed for surface filtration. 15

Multi-stage static systems • Requires several stages of pre and final filtration • Stages to trap various sizes or particles or water droplets • Reduce dust loading down stream • Designed to protect a final high efficiency static filter. 16

Static System layout 17

Multi-Stage Static/Barrier • Final Filter – V-Cell • Micro-fiberglass or Synthetic fibers • F 7 – F 9, MERV 13 – 16 • 150 Ft² – 220 Ft² • • • CFM/Filter – up to 2500 CFM DP: Designed for. 5” w. c. at start up Media Rate – 16. 5/11. 3: 1 Pre-Filter G 4 – F 7, MERV 8 – 13 Depth loading media 18

Pre-Filter • Synthetic fibers • G 4, MERV 8 • 11 Ft² – 70 Ft² • • • CFM/Filter – up to 2500 CFM DP: Designed for. 3” w. c. at start up Media Rate – 227/35. 7: 1 Pre-Filter G 4 – F 7, MERV 8 – 13 Depth loading media • Consumable 19

Wet Laid Paper - Cartridges • • Work horse: dust collection and air filter cartridges Basis weight: 115 g/m² up to 150 g/m² Moisture level key decision factor in selection MERV 11 -12 Efficiency out of the box 100 % Cellulose 100% Synthetic 20

Spun Bond - Cartridges • • High burst strength Better resistance in high humidity/moisture. Relatively flat non texturized surface Low Dust Holding Capacity 170 g/m² 360 g/m² 21

Microglass • Low burst strength • Good dust holding • Poor choice for high moisture Meltblown • High burst strength • Acceptable dust holding • Fibers can be charged 22

Efficiency Enhancement Fine Fiber Composites • Separate melt-blown composites laminated to wet laid or SB surfaces. • Improved • DHC • Efficiency • Offered level of hydrophobicity without chemical treatment • Durability and media strength enhancement 23

Efficiency Enhancement Nano Fiber Technology Nano on Wet Laid Paper Nano on Spun Bonded Media 24

Efficiency Enhancements Expanded PTFE Membrane • Use primarily as a composite design • As stand alone barrier filter typically used in pulse systems only. • Low dust holding • Subject to fouling when subjected to soot or oily particulates 25

Typical Physical Testing Data Media Technology Material Type Weight (g/m 2) Mullen Burst (psi) MD Tensile Strength (lbs/1”) CMD Tensile Strength (lbs/1”) MD Tear Strength (lbs) CMD Tear Strength (lbs) EFFICIENCY Wet-Laid Paper W/Nano Wet-Laid Paper Composite Polyester, Glass + resin 115 70 50 - 70 25 - 30 Spunbond W/Nano 100% polyester 130 > 200 25 9 60 6 3 30 3 2 18 5 3 30 MERV 13/F 8 MERV 15/F 9 26

Durability / Performance Differences Static design Pneu. Max Glue Bead Minimum 8” w. c. burst pressure Minimum 25” w. c. burst pressure High velocity requires pleat stabilization Surface loading/cleaning needs wider more open pleats 27

Composites add performance benefits. . And potential issues Micro-glass inner Layer Composite Layer Delamination 28

Long term durability of enhancements 29

Processing becomes more complex Lighter basis weights, composites and efficiency enhancements requires more processing complexity.

Separate Pre-Filtration / Coalescing 31

Pre-filtration and coalescing for Static filters 32

Pre-filtration and coalescing for cartridge filters Courtesy of AFC Courtesy of Graver Technologies 33

Filter Types 34

Selecting the proper Filter - Conditions The Environment • Level of precipitation • Rain • Snow • Fog • Hoar Frost • Dust concentration • Seasonal flux • Moisture impacts decision upon base fiber and media selection • Fiber type, media construction, enhancements impact initial cost 35

Creativity by media manufacturers Core business preferences influence R&D • Mfgs in the business of selling roll goods • Developing solution options integrating their core competencies. • Media Mfg have differing R&D challenges in design • Similar objectives. Better utilize existing investments. • Designs can cause changes in process requirements 36

Challenges/Needs Gas Turbine Inlet Filtration technology will always present a level of compromise. • Efficiency • High level of turbine protection • Airflow and Dust Holding Capacity • Wider band of operating flexibility for turbine operators • Strength/Durability • Improved life expectancy for local atmospheric conditions 37

The future in Gas Turbine Filters Media Manufacturers • High degree of moisture and humidity resistance. • Improved combination of clean-a-ble media and dust holding. • Better standardization of industry testing standards Industry Users • Least controllable factor in operating Gas Turbine • Greater operational flexibility during adverse conditions • Improve decision making based upon comparable and reliable data. 38