Usability Human Factors Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare This

Usability & Human Factors Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare This material(Comp 15_Unit 9) was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1 U 24 OC 000003.

Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Learning Objectives • • History of Ubiquitous Computing Basic Principles Examples of Ubicomp in Healthcare Technical Challenges Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 2

History of Ubiquitous Computing Three waves of computing • Mainframes (one main processor, many terminals) • Personal computing (one computer for one person) • Ubiquitous computing = many computers on and around each individual • Mobile computing (PDA, cell phone, etc. ) • Pervasively embedded in the environment (smart environments) • Wearable computing Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 3

Original Vision Xerox PARC, Mark Weiser Ubicomp project began in 1988 “the most profound technologies are those that disappear” • Paper • Writing Vision for computing technologies that are so commonplace that they disappear from people’s conscious attention Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 4

Original Vision (cont. ): Computing by the inch (PDA, smart phone, mobile phone, voice recorder, etc. ) Image of i. Phone touch screen first generation taken from Apple. com and image of Motorola flip phone taken from Motorola. com Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 5

Original Vision (cont. ): Computing by the foot Image of Dell computer taken from Dell. com and i. Pad image Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 6

Original Vision (cont. ): Computing by the yard http: //www. telepresenceoptions. com/2011/10/the_worlds_largest_integrated/ http: //www. magic. ubc. ca/wiki/pmwiki. php/Projects/PSPI Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 7

Version of Ubicomp Computing on the body (wearable computing) Computing in the environment (ubicomp) Ubicomp, (2008). Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 8

Challenges Natural input Contextaware computing Automated capture and access Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 9

Natural Input Computing distributed in environment requires naturalistic interaction patterns • • Voice recognition Handwriting Gesture Tangible computing (interact with computing as with physical environment) Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 10

Context-Aware Computing Delivery of information and services based on the automatically sensed context Multiple definitions of context Success often depends on three factors Accuracy of context information sensed by the system Who, when, where, etc. Correctness of interpretation or knowing what action to take in a particular context Consequence of performing this action Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 11

Capture and Access Using technology to capture the flow of activities in real time and provide access to the records on demand • Often used for capturing meetings, or brainstorming sessions • In healthcare: documenting patientdoctor encounters Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 12

Pervasive Healthcare Application of ubiquitous computing technologies for healthcare Making healthcare available everywhere, anytime, and to anyone Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 13

Pervasive Healthcare (cont. ) Acute care settings – digital hospital • RFID for patient tracking • Context-aware clinical environments Patient-centric technologies – health and wellness • Telemedicine (IDEATell) • Digital Family Portrait • MAHI • Ubi. Fit Garden Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 14

Improving Patient Safety RFID patient tracking systems Prevent errors (wrong medication to wrong patient) Streamline billing (automatic tracking of procedures) http: //medgadget. com/2010/03/rfid_patient_wristbands_safe_for_ct_and_mri. html Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 15

Context-Aware Surgery Room Main focus: improving patient safety Providing the right information at the right time in the right place (pertinent patient data) Drawing attention to information of concern (warnings of drug allergies, etc. ) utilizing surgical context (physical and clinical) Doryab, Afsaneh and Bardram, Jakob E. (2011). Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 16

Patient-Centric Technologies Remote monitoring Case manager Education, recommendations, adjustments to care-plan Mynatt, E. D. , Rowan, J. , Craighill, S. , and Jacobs, A. (2001). Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 17

Health and Wellness Digital Family Portrait • Georgia Institute of Technology Helping adult children maintain awareness of well-being of their parents • Activity of parents is sensed by motion detection sensors • Abstract visualization creates pattern without violating privacy Mynatt, E. D. , Rowan, J. , Craighill, S. , and Jacobs, A. (2001). Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 18

Health and Wellness (cont. ) MAHI (Georgia Institute of Technology) Assistance with diabetes management • Mobile phone for capture of experiences (pictures of meals, voice records) • Integration with glucose monitor • Website for review with diabetes educator Mamykina, L. , Mynatt, E. D. , Davidson, P. , and Greenblatt, D. (2008). Mamykina, L. and Mynatt, E. D. (2007). Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 19

Health and Wellness (cont. ) Ubi. Fit Garden • Intel Monitoring physical activity • On the body monitoring • A variety of physical activity types Ambient display on a mobile phone • Aesthetically pleasing visualization • Monitoring accomplishments • Reward for achievement of goals Consolvo, C. , Mc. Donald, D. W. , Toscos, T. , Chen, M. Y. , Froehlich, J. , Harrison, B. , et al. (2008). Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 20

Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Summary • Ubiquitous computing is an important and rapidly growing area that has potential to make significant impact on how healthcare is delivered within and outside of clinical settings • However, many challenges remain to its successful penetration: – Many of these technologies rely on natural input such as voice or gesture, which is not always accurate and may be hindered by fragmented internet connectivity • As new enabling technologies become available, however, better applications of ubiquitous and pervasive computing will be invented Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 21

Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare References Reference Weiser, M. (1993). Some computer science issues in ubiquitous computing. Communication of The ACM, vol. 36(7), p. 75 -84 Images Slide 5: Image of i. Phone ouch screen first generation taken from Apple. com Retrieved on September 10 th, 2010. Image of Motorola flip phone taken from Motorola. com retrieved on September 10 th, 2010 Slide 6: Image of Dell computer taken from Dell. com Retrieved on September 10 th, 2012. Ipad image retrieved from Apple. com on September 10 th, 2010. Slide 7: Original vision image retrieved September 10 th, 2010 from http: //www. telepresenceoptions. com/2011/10/the_worlds_largest_integrated/. Original vision image retrieved September 10 th , 2010 from http: //www. magic. ubc. ca/wiki/pmwiki. php/Projects/PSPI. Slide 8: Version of Ubicomp image from Science Daily, April 28, 2008 (The Prototype Wearable Eye Tracker, image courtesy of ETH Zurich). Slide 15: Improving Patient Safety Image from Med. Gadget, March 22, 2010 (http: //medgadget. com/2010/03/rfid_patient_wristbands_safe_for_ct_and_mri. html). Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 22

Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare References Images (cont. ) Slide 16: Doryab, Afsaneh and Bardram, Jakob E. (2011). In Proceedings of the 2011 Workshop on Context-awareness in Retrieval and Recommendation, pages 43 -46, New York, NY, USA, 2011. Designing activity-aware recommender systems for operating rooms. Slide 17 & 18: Mynatt, E. D. , Rowan, J. , Craighill, S. , and Jacobs, A. (2001). Digital family portraits: supporting peace of mind for extended family members. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '01). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 333 -340. Slide 19: Mamykina, L. , Mynatt, E. D. , Davidson, P. , and Greenblatt, D. (2008). MAHI: investigation of social scaffolding for reflective thinking in diabetes management. In the Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing (CHI 2008), p. 477 -486. Mamykina, L. and Mynatt, E. D. (2007). Investigating and supporting health management practices of individuals with diabetes. In Proceedings of the 1 st ACM SIGMOBILE international workshop on Systems and networking support for healthcare and assisted living environments (Health. Net 2007). 49 -54. Slide 20: Consolvo, C. , Mc. Donald, D. W. , Toscos, T. , Chen, M. Y. , Froehlich, J. , Harrison, B. , et al. (2008). Activity sensing in the wild: a field trial of ubifit garden. In Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '08). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1797 -1806. Usability & Human Factors Health IT Workforce Curriculum Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare Version 3. 0/Spring 2012 23