US History Government 2012 William Floyd High School

US History & Government © 2012, William Floyd High School Library Regents Review Part IV: World War II to President George W. Bush

Before World War II: Neutrality and Isolation World War II: Moved away from isolation to Intervention & Arsenal of Democracy

Causes of World War Two 1. World War One- Treaty of Versailles 2. The Great Depression 3. Hitler’s rise to power and the rise of Fascism 4. German Rearmament 5. Policy of Appeasement-Failure of the League of Nations 6. Japans conquest of Southeast Asia

Pearl Harbor: December 7 th 1941 “A date which will live in infamy”

Women Contribute to the War Effort

Lend Lease Program- 1941 "sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government [whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States] any defense article".

Civil Rights in a Time of War Korematsu vs. United States • Executive Order 9066 gave the military the power to ban American citizens of Japanese descent from areas considered “critical to domestic security. ” • Fred Korematsu, an American of Japanese descent, refused to leave his home when ordered to do so. He was arrested, convicted, and the case went to the Supreme Court. US Supreme Court Decision The court sided with the government and ruled that the government could lawfully remove persons of Japanese ancestry from areas threatened by Japanese attack during World War II.

Nuremberg Trials • Trial of judgment for war crimes committed during the Holocaust • Military and political leaders put on trial and held accountable for their actions during war • Crimes Included: – – Crimes against peace War crimes Crimes against humanity Conspiracy to commit these crimes

Brown v. Board Civil Rights Act of 1964 of Education • Declared segregation in • Prohibited discrimination on public schools the basis of sex and race in unconstitutional public places, outlawed • Segregated schools violated segregation in businesses, the 14 th amendment, requiring all citizens to be and made employment treated equally discrimination illegal • “In the field of public • Signed by President education, separate but Johnson equal has no place. ”

President Johnson’s Great Society • “War on Poverty” • Laws designed to help the poor, add to the economic security of other Americans, and promote Civil Rights for all Americans – – – Medicare Medicaid Federal Aid to Schools Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 (eliminated restrictions used to keep African Americans from voting)

Red Scare/ Mc. Carthyism: Widespread accusations and investigations into suspected Communist activities in the United States during the 1950’s Red Scare: Periods of strong anti. Communist feelings in America

Domino Theory Policy of Containment KEEP COMMUNISM CONTAINED Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Eisenhower Doctrine

Tonkin Gulf Resolution • Gave President Johnson the power to increase the US’s involvement in the war between North and South Vietnam without Congress’ approval

Cold War Détente and SALT • Détente- The easing of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War – Less hostile relationship • SALT- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty – Limit number of nuclear weapons owned by USA and Soviet Union

War Powers Act • Limits President’s power over military, increases role of Congress – The President must inform Congress within 48 hours if U. S. forces are sent into a hostile area without a declaration of war. – The forces may remain no longer than 60 days unless Congress approves the president's action or declares war. – The president may extend this deadline an additional 30 day • Law passed in response to Vietnam War, where troops were sent to Vietnam without Congress’ approval

President Nixon & China • Before Nixon opened Nixon began communicating diplomatic with China relations with China, the US and China had a hate-hate relationship • First US President to visit China “We simply cannot afford to leave China forever outside the family of nations, there to nurture its fantasies, cherish its hates, and threaten its neighbors. “ - President Nixon

Watergate Breaks Public Trust in Elected Officials • Public lost trust in elected officials • Seven former Nixon officials were indicted on charges of conspiracy in covering up Watergate break-in • Nixon resigned, Vice President Ford became President • President Ford pardoned Nixon

The U. S. and the Middle East: Giving Peace a Chance Camp David Accords • Peace talks between Israel and Egypt- bring peace to Middle East • Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist • Israel agreed to give land back to Egypt

Reaganomics/ Supply Side Economics An economic theory which holds that reducing tax rates, especially for businesses and wealthy individuals, stimulates savings and investment for the benefit of everyone. Tax cuts for businesses & wealthy Will lead to savings and investment for everyone Also called: • Reaganomics • Supply Side Economics • Trickle Down Theory • George W Bush Tax Cuts

Reagan’s New Federalism • Reduce the size and power of the Federal government • Less government spending • Shift payment for government programs away from the federal government and to the states

Iran Contra Affair • Another example of government corruption – Congress banned the US from providing aid to rebels in Nicaragua – Weapons were sold to Iran, an enemy of the US, and the profits were sent to Nicaragua to aid the rebels

Persian Gulf War of 1991 • Protect Economic Interests • Maintain Peace and Stability in the Middle East • Iraq vs. a coalition of 39 nations, including US • Kuwait and Saudi Arabia provide petroleum to most of world’s industrialized nations. • Iraq invaded Kuwait and moved troops to the border of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, causing fear that Iraq would invade Saudi Arabia next

President Clinton NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement Bosnia and Kosovo • • USA, Canada, and Mexico make up one of the world’s largest free trade zones. • Globalization • Regional Interdependence • Increase Trade • Eliminate Tariff Serbian forces used “ethnic cleansing” and mass extermination to try to eliminate Croatians and Muslims from Serb-controlled parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina NATO bombed Serbian forces for committing human rights violations

Clinton’s Impeachment • Impeached but not removed from office for committing perjury and obstruction of justice – Tried to cover up Monica Lewinsky affair

2000 Election • Bush received more electoral votes but fewer popular votes than Gore. • The Electoral College gave 271 votes to George W. Bush and 266 votes to Al Gore. • Election decided by Supreme Court