US History Chapter 8 Section 4 Peace without

US History Chapter 8 Section 4 Peace without Victory

Main Idea • The Allies determined the terms for peace in the post-war world

Reading Focus • What was President Wilson’s Fourteen Points plan for peace? • What was resolved at the Paris Peace Conference? • Why did congress fight over the treaty? • What was the impact of World War I on the United States and the world?

Causes of World War I Review Militarism § European nations engaged in massive military buildup Alliances § European countries form partnerships to protect themselves European Tensions Rising caused by Imperialism § Rival empires seek to keep power Where is the “A” in ? ? ? Nationalism § People feel loyalty and devotion to their country or culture

The Fourteen Points Ø As war ended, its effects were devastating to all countries involved and President Wilson wanted to ensure a war like this never happened again Ø Wilson’s plan for world peace was outlined in Fourteen Points 1 -4 Open diplomacy, freedom of seas, removal of trade barriers, reduction of military arms Point 5 A fair system to resolve disputes over colonies Point 6 -13 Point 14 Self-Determinationright of people to decide own political status Establishment of League of Nations

Open diplomacy, freedom of seas, removal of trade barriers, reduction of military arms A fair system to resolve disputes over colonies Self-Determinationright of people to decide own political status Establishment of League of Nations

“ What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression” -- President Woodrow Wilson, Fourteen Points Speech, 1918

The Paris Peace Conference Ø January 1919 - President Wilson (despite criticism) felt it was his moral duty to be involved with peace negotiations Ø January 12, 1919: Members from 32 nations attended conference but it was dominated by the “Big Four” > U. S. - Woodrow Wilson > Great Britain- David Lloyd George > France- Georges Clemenceau > Italy- Vittorio Orlando Ø Conflicting needs- Delegates to the conference had different desires and expected outcomes * Vision of world peace * Severe punishment of Germany * Reduction of weapons * countries seeking independence * Reestablishment of nations

“ The conduct of Germany is almost unexampled in human history. The terrible responsibility which lies at her doors can be seen in the fact that not less than 7 million dead lie buried in Europe, while more than 20 million others carry upon them the evidence of wounds and sufferings, because Germany saw fit to gratify her desire for tyranny by resort to war” -- Georges Clemenceau, France Prime Minister

The Treaty of Versailles Ø Allies eventually agreed and presented their terms to Germany Ø Treaty was much harsher that what Woodrow Wilson had wished > Germany to disarm > Payment of War Reparations > Germany to accept sole responsibility for starting war Ø The treaty did include some of Wilson’s 14 points: > Would establish a League of Nations >Some ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary and Russia would get right of self-determination > Nine new nations created

Right to self-determination

Germany Response Ø Germany protested the terms because they thought they were too harsh Ø France threatens to use military action Ø Germany agrees and signs treaty on June 28, 1919

Impact of World War I Political Impact Economic Impact Social Impact Overthrow of Monarchs in Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire Devastated European Millions of women economies of drawn into workcountries at war service contributed to passage of 19 th amendment European nations had lost a whole generation of men Rise of power of Bolsheviks United States became world’s leading economic power France took the hardest hit (most combat took place there) The war had encouraged many African-Americans to migrate north for jobs (race tensions) Farmers- Postwar Migrations led to needs decreased and population patterns no longer need to buy food Impact in Europe Great Britain deeply in debt to United States War Reparations on Germany crippled their economy

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_nb. HYDS Pr. WI