UROGENITAL SYSTEM URINARY System Two kidneys Two ureters

UROGENITAL SYSTEM

URINARY System • Two kidneys • Two ureters • Urethra

Anatomy of the Kidney Main structures: • renal cortex • renal medula • renal pelvis • nephrons

Urinary Tract – Ureter

Urinary Tract – Urethra (Female)

Urinary Tract – Urethra (Male)

Genital system

Reproductive System • Primary sex characteristics XY or XX

What is on the Y Chromosome? • Y chromosome contains – sex-determining region of Y (SRY) • SRY codes for protein called – Testis-determining factor (TDF) • Testosterone production

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Components • • • Scrotum Testes Duct system Penis Accessory glands

Scrotum • Skin • Septum • Dartos muscle (smooth) • Temperature

Testis

Spermatogenis • Spermatogonia – On basal lamina – Mitosis • Primary spermatocytes – 1 st meiotic division • Secondary spermatocytes – 2 nd meiotic division • Spermatid – Haploid – 4 from each 1° spermatocyte

Ducts • • Epididymis Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct (urethra)

Epididymis • Located in scrotum • ~6 m long

Ductus (vas) deferens • From scrotum to pelvis • Forms ejaculatory duct • Empties into prostatic urethra • Thick muscularis

Accessory glands • • Prostate Seminal vesicles

Prostate

Prostate

Prostate examination

Male Prostate Exam Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Seminal vesicles

Semen • Testis – Sperms – 50~100 mil/ml – Below 20 mil/ml infertility issues • Prostate – 30% – Prostaglandins • Activate sperm • Seminal vesicles – 60% – Fructose

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Anatomy of Female Reproductive System • Female reproductive organs – Ovaries – Uterine tubes – Uterus – Vagina

Female Reproductive System

Follicular Development: Ovarian Cycle

Sperm Cell Movement

Fertility and pregnancy

The Uterus