Urinary System Urinary System Functions Removal of Nitrogenous

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Urinary System

Urinary System

Urinary System: Functions Removal of Nitrogenous wastes by filtering blood Results in the production

Urinary System: Functions Removal of Nitrogenous wastes by filtering blood Results in the production of urine Maintain water balance by removing excessive fluids Electrolyte and p. H balance of blood Production of Hormones Renin Blood Pressure Erythropoietin Production of RBC’s Calcitriol

The Kidneys Right Kidney slightly lower than the left due to impaction of the

The Kidneys Right Kidney slightly lower than the left due to impaction of the liver Attached to Ureters, Renal Blood Vessels, and nerves at Renal Hilus Adrenal glands-atop each kidney • Filters 200 liters of blood daily – 1200 m. L each minute

Kidney Functions Kidneys Filter Blood Produce Urine Maintains proper balance between water, salts, acids

Kidney Functions Kidneys Filter Blood Produce Urine Maintains proper balance between water, salts, acids & bases

Urinary System: Anatomy Male Female

Urinary System: Anatomy Male Female

Urinary System Organs Ureters – transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder via

Urinary System Organs Ureters – transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder via peristalsis

Urinary System Organs Urinary Bladder – storage of urine

Urinary System Organs Urinary Bladder – storage of urine

Bladder Composed of 1. Detrusor Muscle 2. Internal/External Sphincters Micturition = Urination Reflex Contraction

Bladder Composed of 1. Detrusor Muscle 2. Internal/External Sphincters Micturition = Urination Reflex Contraction of Detrusor and relaxation of internal sphincter Sensitive to Pressure Distention triggers nerve sensation to signal need to urinate How Do We Pee?

Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

 • Urethra – transports urine from the bladder to outside of the body

• Urethra – transports urine from the bladder to outside of the body

Physical Characteristics of Urine

Physical Characteristics of Urine

 • Physical Characteristics of Urine Color and transparency – Yellow (due to urochrome)

• Physical Characteristics of Urine Color and transparency – Yellow (due to urochrome) – Concentrated urine has a deeper yellow color – Drugs, diet , and vitamins can alter the color of urine

Cloudy urine may indicate urinary tract infection (UTI) Normal urine range 4. 5 -

Cloudy urine may indicate urinary tract infection (UTI) Normal urine range 4. 5 - 8

Physical Characteristics of Urine • Odor – Standing urine develops an ammonia odor –

Physical Characteristics of Urine • Odor – Standing urine develops an ammonia odor – Some drugs and vegetables (asparagus) alter the usual odor

URINE COMPOSITION 95% water, 5% solutes • Wastes composing urine: Urea (made in liver

URINE COMPOSITION 95% water, 5% solutes • Wastes composing urine: Urea (made in liver from ammonia and CO 2) Uric acid (made from breakdown of certain amino acids) Creatine (made from breakdown of muscle tissue) Abnormally high concentrations may indicate infection

Diuretics Substances that increase urinary output Alcohol – inhibits the release of ADH Caffeine

Diuretics Substances that increase urinary output Alcohol – inhibits the release of ADH Caffeine and OTC (over the counter) drugs – inhibit Na+ absorption Lasix & Diuril – prescription medications that inhibit Na+ absorption

Urine Storage Phase Law of La. PLace Tension increases as the spherical viscus fills

Urine Storage Phase Law of La. PLace Tension increases as the spherical viscus fills but so does the radius Results in slight pressure variation until viscus is full Stretch receptors minimal therefore afferent nerve output is a low frequency Once bladder is full, afferent output fires at a maximum rate until voiding occurs Voiding Phase Preganglionic neurons cause bladder to voluntarily contract causing intravesical pressure to increase External Sphincter relaxes allowing urine to flow out of the bladder Excitatory Process Continues voiding until empty Males – Bulbospongiosus Muscle eliminates remaining urine Females – Gravity empties

Specific Gravity • Amount of solute concentration in urine • Range is between 1.

Specific Gravity • Amount of solute concentration in urine • Range is between 1. 001 -1. 035 – If too high= then too many solutes and too little water – If too low= then too few solutes & too much water

Urinalysis p. H: measures acids & bases Specific Gravity: measures concentration of solutes Ketones:

Urinalysis p. H: measures acids & bases Specific Gravity: measures concentration of solutes Ketones: product of rapid breakdown of fatty acids Glucose: sugar should be absent Bilirubin: pigment found in bile

Urinalysis Protein: should be absent, sign of glomerulus problem Urobilirubin: can predict liver/gall bladder

Urinalysis Protein: should be absent, sign of glomerulus problem Urobilirubin: can predict liver/gall bladder problem Leukocytes: linked to bacterial infection Color: what it looks like Nitrite: indicates UTI Hemoglobin: RBC’s broken down & enter bloodstream

Urine Production

Urine Production

Closer look at Kidney Cortex – Outer Region of Kidney Consists of millions of

Closer look at Kidney Cortex – Outer Region of Kidney Consists of millions of nephrons Area of urine production Medulla - Inner Portion of Kidney Consists of Medullary Pyramids (Urine Collection) Calyces Collects Urine from Medullary Pyramids; Drains in to Renal Pelvis Wide, top part of ureter Collects Urine from

Nephrons Glomerulus Blood Filtration Bowman’s Capsule Surrounds Glomerulus Collects Wastes for Passage to Renal

Nephrons Glomerulus Blood Filtration Bowman’s Capsule Surrounds Glomerulus Collects Wastes for Passage to Renal Tubule Reabsorption Water, Glucose, Amino Acids Secretion

Order of urine formation Glomerulus & Bowman’s Capsule Proximal Convoluted Tube Loop of Henle

Order of urine formation Glomerulus & Bowman’s Capsule Proximal Convoluted Tube Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tube Renal Pelvis Major Calyx Minor Calyx Collecting Duct/Tube Ureter Bladder Urethra You Urinate J

Renal System Video

Renal System Video