Urinary System Health Concerns Urinary Incontinence Involuntary of

Urinary System Health Concerns

Urinary Incontinence � Involuntary of urine. � Etiology – discharge ◦ Lack of muscle control, neurological damage. � S/S – ◦ Urinating when not wanting to. � Tx – ◦ Antibiotics, pelvic floor muscle exercises, sacral nerve stimulation, sling procedures, bladder neck suspension.

Renal calculus (kidney stones) hardened lumps of matter that tend to form in the kidneys and other parts of the urinary system � Etiology – � ◦ � Lack of fluid intake, large doses of vitamins. Made of uric acid and calcium salts. S/S – ◦ Pain � Tx – ◦ Surgical removal, if possible allowed to pass into the urine (ouch). Medication and diet for prevention.

Renal Failure � Loss of kidney function. � Etiology – ◦ Acute or chronic; acute from trauma; chronic from diabetes or kidney infection. � S/S – ◦ Waste build up can lead to heart failure; absence or urine formation. � Tx – ◦ Special diet, diuretic medications, dialysis, kidney transplantation.

Glomerulonephritis � Kidney inflammation located in the glomerulus. � Etiology – ◦ Acute or may become chronic. � S/S ◦ High blood pressure, kidney failure. � Tx – ◦ Drug therapy; diet modification; dialysis; kidney transplantation

Pyelonephritis � Bacterial infection in the renal pelvis. � Etiology – ◦ Chronic condition can lead to kidney failure; bacterial infection. � S/S – ◦ Shaking, chills, fever, joint and muscle pain. � Tx – ◦ Antibiotics

Cystitis � Inflammation of the bladder, one type of UTI. � Etiology – ◦ Caused by bacteria (EColi), occurs mostly in women. � S/S – ◦ Dysuria, frequent urination, general feeling of discomfort. � Tx – ◦ FF, antibiotics, good hygiene, fully emptying the bladder during urination.