Urinary System Excretory Urinary System Excretory Excretes toxic

Urinary System Excretory

Urinary System (Excretory) • Excretes toxic nitrogenous compounds from the body. (urea & creatinine) • Eliminate toxic waste from bacteria, various drugs, & supplements. • Responsible for water & electrolyte balance. • Blood is processed by the kidneys. During rest the kidneys receive 20%25% of the entire cardiac output. The kindney’s process approx. 1, 200 ml of blood per minute • Excretory systems: • • Urinary Respiratory Digestive Integumentary

Liver Contusion • Cause: Liver can be bruised if hit hard in the stomach • Car accidents , body smashes into an object • Signs & Symptoms: Skin and eyes that appear yellowish, abdominal pain & swelling, dark urine color • Guarding , tenderness, abdominal pain , shock and blood lost • Treatment: seek medical attention immediately, doctor examine CT scan to assess the damage • Many can be treated without surgery , blood test and CT scans are needed and rest • Complications: Bleeding and bleeding disorders, infections in liver • Infection , abdominal comportment syndrome , problem with pathways • Interesting fact: liver is responsible for producing bile • Can make your skin turn yellow and your eyes

Bladder Injuries • Cause: Blunt or penetrating trauma to the lower abdomen, pelvis, • perineum or pelvic fracture. • S/S: suprapubic pain and inability to void. Hematuria, suprapubic tenderness, distention, • hypovolemic shock, and peritoneal signs. • • Treatment: catheter drainage and sometimes surgical repair. Retrograde cystography, usually with CT. • Antibiotics through the hospital • Complications: uroascites, infection, persistent hematuria, incontinence, bladder instability, and fistula. • Uroacties due to intraperitoneal rupture • Interesting fact: 95% of bladder ruptures caused by blunt trauma. • The bladder is the size of a grapefruit

Kidney Contusion • Cause: blunt trauma or direct impact to the lower back direct and forceful impact to the lower back region • S&S: Blood in urine, abdominal pain, skin bruising, discoloration, nausea, and vomiting dull ache, tenderness, nausea, vomiting, muscle spasms, blood in urine • Treatment: X-ray, urinalysis, MRI scan, CT scan, it all depends on the cause and resulting symptons x-ray, urinalysis, MRI, CT • Complications: Low blood pressure, anemia, inability to urinate, internal bleeding, shock, kidney failure or even death. Internal bleeding, death, low blood pressure • Interesting Fact: Left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications even death Commonly seen in car accidents, or falling abruptly

Urinary Tract Infection • Cause: Could result from STD Generally result from bacteria such as E. Coli. Bacteria enters the urinary tract through the urethra. • Signs and Symptoms: Burning sensation during urination, frequent urination, pelvic pain, and blood in urine. Burning, cloudly, bloody, strong smelling, pelvic pain. • Treatment: antibiotics, drink water, and use heating pads for back pain. Bactrim, Septra, Monurol, Macrobid, Macrodantin, Keflex. • Complications: left untreated could result in recurrent infections, and permanent kidney damage. Urethritis, bladder infection, kidney infection. • Interesting Facts: older men have higher risk of UTI especially over age of 50. More than 50% of women will get UTI in their lifetime.

Renal Failure • Cause: something that stops blood flow to your kidneys, you have a condition that’s blocking urine from leaving your kidneys, directly damaged kidneys • Signs/Symptoms: shortness of breath, fluid retention, nausea, fatigue, confusion, irregular heartbeat, chest pain • Treatment: medications to control blood potassium and restore blood calcium levels • Complications: fluid buildup, chest pain, muscle weakness, permanent kidney damage, death • Interesting Facts: Renal failure is often difficult to predict or prevent

Kidney stones • cause: high levels of calcium, oxalate and phosphates in the urine • Signs & symptoms: cramping in lower back, bloody urine • Treatment: pain medication, drink lots of fluids • Complication: complications are rare if you seek health care before problems occur • Fact: one in every 20 people develop kidney stones at some point in their life