Urinary System Dr Manodeep Chakraborty Urinary system is
Urinary System Dr. Manodeep Chakraborty
Urinary system is the main excretory system and consists of following structures Kidneys (2) : Secretes urine Ureters (2) : Convey the urine from the kidneys to urinary bladder Urinary bladder : Where the urine collects and is temporarily stored Urethra : Through which the urine is discharged from the urinay bladder to the exterior
Kidneys Organs associated with the kidney Right kidney Left Kidney Gross structures of the kidney Microscopic structure of the kidney
Nephron Glomerular capsule Proximal Convoluted tubule Henle’s loop Distal convuluted tubule Collecting tubules Duct of bellini
Glomerular appartus
Functions of Kidney Formation of urine Maintains water balance, urine output, osmotic pressure by ADH Plays an important role in electrolyte balance Maintains p. H balance Extra cellular fluid volume Regulation of blood volume Regulation of erythropoiesis Regulation of blood pressure
Formation of Urine Composition H 2 O – 96 % Urea – 2% Uric acid Creatinine NH 4+, Na+, K+, Cl-, Po 4 -, So 4 -, oxalates – 2% Hippuric acid Citrate, ketobodies
Include 3 process Filtration Selective reabsorption Secretion
Filtration
Selective reabsorption
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
Acid Base Balance Buffer system Ø Carbonic acid bicarbonate HCl + Na. HCO 3 Na. Cl + H 2 CO 3 Na. OH + H 2 CO 3 Na. HCO 3 + H 2 O Ø Phosphate buffer Na. OH + Na. H 2 PO 4 H 2 O + Na 2 HPO 4 HCl + Na 2 HPO 4 Na. Cl + Na. H 2 PO 4 Ø Haemoglobin-oxyhaemoglobin Respiration CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H+ +CO 3 Kidney excretion
Micturition is the physiological process of passing urine
Renal function tests Glomerular function tests or clearance tests Insulin clearance test Creatinin clearance test Urea Clearance test Tubular function tests Urea Concentration Urine acidification Analysis of blood / serum Estimation of blood urea, serum creatinine, protein & electrolyte
Urine examination Volume, p. H, Specific gravity, Osmolality, Presence of certain abnormal constituents ( Proteins, blood, ketone bodies, glucose) Clearance tests C= uxv p Creatinine clearance test (145 ml/minute) Urea clearance test (75 ml/minute) Standard Urea clearance Cs = u x √v P
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