Urinary system 11242020 The kidney The Structure of

Urinary system 11/24/2020

The kidney The Structure of the Kidney - Kidney is a compound tubule gland covered with a dense connective tissue It tissue is divided into: - fibrous capsule - Renal cortex - renal medulla 11/24/2020

Structure of the Kidney: fibrous capsule (storma) -it is tissues which covers kidney - that prevents kidney infection • Consists of: -connective tissues cells and fibers -Reticular fibers - Collagens fibers - a few elastic fibers 11/24/2020

Histology of urinary system Structure of the Kidney -urineferous tubule Composed of: A-Nephron - which is active secretary part of kidney tissues B- Collecting tubules - which is execretory parts that collect the urine from nephron to the renal sinus 11/24/2020

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Histology of urinary system Structure of the Kidney Nephron • it is the functional and structural unit of the kidney • In each kidney there about 1 -2 millions nephrones 11/24/2020

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Histology of urinary system components of the nephron 1 -Bowman's capsule - It is cup shape structure or rounded bodies parts - Has double layers of squamous cells - Has two poles (vascular and urinary) - Has capillaries glomerular blood capillaries Function - Dialysis of blood plasma Which occur through certain membrane called blood real barrier 11/24/2020

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ((JGA 11/24/2020 Figure 25. 6

Renal corpuscle 11/24/2020

Renal corpuscle 11/24/2020

Filtration Membrane 11/24/2020 Figure 25. 7 a

Filtration Membrane 11/24/2020 Figure 25. 7 c

The Blood Supply of the Kidney 11/24/2020

Capillary Beds 11/24/2020 Figure 25. 5 a

Histology of urinary system components of nephron 2 - proximal convoluted tubule • At the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle, the squamous epithelium of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule is continuous to form PCT • linse with the cuboidal epithelium 11/24/2020

Histology of urinary system components of nephron 3 -Henle's loop - is a U-shaped structure consisting of : - a thick descending limb, a thin descending limb - Lines by Squamous epithelial cells 11/24/2020

Histology of urinary system components of the nephron 4 -distal convoluted tubule • It is continuation of thin descending limb • is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium 11/24/2020

Histology of urinary system components of the nephron Collecting Tubules -Urine passes from the distal convoluted tubules to collecting tubules that join each other to form larger, straight collecting ducts, -is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium 11/24/2020

The Nephron 11/24/2020 Figure 25. 4 b

Kidney: Collecting Tubules Photo of renal medulla with three collecting tubules (CT) consisting of cuboidal cells. Collecting tubules, in contrast to the distal tubules, have very distinct cell boundaries. DCTs can be thin within the loop of Henle. Slide B 90 Human Kidney H&E X 200 DCT CT CT DCT DCT CT 11/24/2020

Capillary Beds 11/24/2020 Figure 25. 5 a

Ureter 11/24/2020

Uerter Wall of the uerter consist of Mucosa • is typically folded, having a starshaped appearance • Lines by transitional epithelium. lamina propria • -consists of fibroelastic connective tissue, usually more dense and with more fibroblasts under the epithelium, and looser near the muscularis • consists of an inner longitudinal and an outer circular layer of smooth muscle. as two layers Serosa- Formed of CT 11/24/2020

Histology of urinary system Urinary bladder • Wall of bladder formed of: Mucosa • Transitional epithelium Muscular layer • The muscularis has three layers of muscles inner longitudinal, a middle circular or spiral layer and outer longitudinal. Adventitia – Formed of CT 11/24/2020

Histology of the Urinary Bladder 11/24/2020 Figure 23. 15 a, b

Structure of the Urinary Bladder and Urethra 11/24/2020 Figure 23. 16 b

11/24/2020 Figure 26– 18 c

Histology of urinary system Trigone • The mucosa the bladder show folds called rugae, except small area on the base of the bladder • Lies between two ureter opening and internal urethral orifice • The mucosa of the trigone is thin, vascular, elastic and more sensitive than the rest of the mucosa 11/24/2020

Structure of the Urinary Bladder and Urethra 11/24/2020 Figure 23. 16 a

Histology of urinary system Urethra • In females – Length of 3– 4 cm • In males – 20 cm in length – three named regions – Prostatic urethra • Passes through the prostate gland – Membranous urethra • Through the urogenital diaphragm – Spongy (penile) urethra • Passes through the length of the penis 11/24/2020

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Histology of urinary system prostatic urethra - It is surrounded by the prostate gland -lined by transitional epithelium. membranous urethra - is lined with pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium penile urethra, - like the membranous part, is lined with pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium 11/24/2020

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