URINARY DISORDERS l RENAL CALCULI Kidney Stone Made

URINARY DISORDERS l

RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone) Made of crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid l Gradually they grow larger until they block the ureter l First symptom – severe pain l Other symptoms – nausea and vomiting, urine frequency, chills, fever, and hematuria l

RENAL CALCULI (KIDNEY STONES l Diagnosis l – by symptoms, utlrasound, or x-ray l Rx – increase fluids to flush out stones, l medications, and if needed - LITHOTRIPSY

LITHROTRIPSY l Surgical procedure to remove kidney stones l Shock waves hit dense stones and break them up l Done on outpatient basis

Cystitis l l l Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder Most common cause – E. Coli Symptoms = DYSURIA (painful urination) and frequency Usually in females (shorter urethra) Rx - antibiotics

Nephritis l Inflammation of the kidney (kidney infection)

Incontinence l Involuntary urination

Dialysis Used for kidney failure l Involves the passage of blood through a device with semipermeable membrane l Dialysis serves as a substitute kidney l

Hemodialysis Blood from patient flows through machine and its filtered l Usually a FISTULA is created (opening between vein and artery) for inserting needles l Can be done at home or in clinic l Takes 2 -4 hours, 2 -3 times a week l

Peritoneal Dialysis l Uses the peritoneal lining to filter blood l Dialysate (cleaning solution) flows in and out via a catheter tube

Kidney Transplant Done as a last resort l Involves donor organ from someone with a similar immune system l Main complication rejection l

Urinary Conditions ENURESIS - bedwetting NOCTURIA – frequent urination at night GLYCOSURIA – sugar in urine Hematuria – blood in urine

More Urinary Conditons l Polyuria—large l Anuria—no amounts of urine l Oliguria—small or scant amount of urine—early sign of kidney failure urine is produced l Pyuria—pus urine in the

Diuretic l Also called “fluid pill” l Drug or substance to increase urine production