UREA Properties and Raw Materials Fertilizer And Technology

UREA Properties and Raw Materials Fertilizer And Technology Major Engg. Problems Autoclave variables ●Carbamate decomposition and recycle ●Production of granular urea (Prilling) ●Heat dissipation in the autoclave ●Corrosion Molecular weight : 60. 06 gm/mole ● Appearance : White granules ● Odour : Odourless ● Melting point : 132 -135°C ● Density : 1. 32 gm/ml ● Solubility : Soluble in water, ethanol, glycerol ● ● Ammonia, Carbon-Dioxide, steam and Cooling water are the raw materials needed. Process Description ● Submitted by. Sandip Parmar (15 bch 028) Pranav Joshi (15 bch 040) Purvam Gandhi (15 bch 042) Chemical Reactions And Alternative Methods ● ● ● CO 2 + 2 NH 3 NH 2 COONH 4 ΔH = -37, 021 Kcal NH 2 COONH 4 NH 2 CONH 2 + H 2 O ΔH = + 6. 3 kcal Mont Edison's IDR process TEC-ACES process Stemi carbon stripping process Ammonia casale's SRR process Uses As a fertilizer. ●As a protein food supplements for ruminant. ●As an ingredient in the manufacture of resins, plastics, adhesive, coatings. ●Textiles anti-shrink agents. ●In melamine production ● Major Industries Producing Urea NH 3 and CO 2 are compressed and added to high P autoclave reactor maintained at T=185°C and P=180 atm for 1. 5 to 2 hrs. ●They both react to form ammonium carbamate and unreacted NH 3 and CO 2 are present along with it. ●The mixture is passed through flash evaporator at 140°C and 27 atm and NH 3 and CO 2 are recycled back. ●Product mixture is sent to flash drum maintained at 1 atm. ●Then they are sent to vacuum evaporator to increase the concentration where we obtain 99% molten urea. ●This molten urea is sprayed in the prilling tower to get urea granules. ●