URBANIZATION What is Urban Urban relating to or

URBANIZATION

What is Urban • Urban – relating to or located in a city

What is Urbanization • Urbanization - is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the very largest ones

Urban Growth is Speeding Up Time required to reach 2 million population: Rome, Italy 2000 years Vienna, Austria 400 years Vancouver, B. C. 115 years Shenzhen, China 20 years

• Over the next quarter century, increases in urbanization will be almost entirely attributable to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities • The Earliest Cities • Preindustrial Cities • Industrial Cities • The Structure of Cities • The Process of Urbanization • U. S. Urban Patterns • The Rural Rebound • Models of Urban Growth Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities The Earliest Cities • The very first cities were founded in Mesopotamia after the Neolithic Revolution, around 7500 BCE. • Agriculture is believed to be a pre-requisite for cities, which help preserve surplus production and create economies of scale. View on Boundless. com • Cities reduced transport costs for goods, people, and ideas by bringing them all together in one spot. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-ofcities-123/the-earliest-cities-691 -8935

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities Preindustrial Cities • Preindustrial cities were political units, like today's states. They offered freedom from rural obligations to lord and community. • In the early modern era, larger capital cities benefited from new trade routes and grew even larger. • While the city-states, or poleis, of the View on Boundless. com Mediterranean and Baltic Sea languished from the 16 th century, Europe's larger capitals benefited from the growth of commerce following the emergence of an Atlantic trade. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-ofcities-123/preindustrial-cities-692 -511

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities Industrial Cities • Rapid growth brought urban problems, and industrial-era cities were rife with dangers to health and safety. • Poor sanitation and communicable diseases were among the greatest causes of death among urban working class populations. Slum in Glasgow, 1871 View on Boundless. com • In the 19 th century, better sanitation led to improved health conditions. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-ofcities-123/industrial-cities-693 -8159

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities The Structure of Cities • In the grid model of cities, land is divided by streets that run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. This model promotes development. • The concentric ring model describes the city as an ecosystem in which residents sort themselves into a series of rings based on class and occupation. This model's general applicability has been challenged. • Urban structure can also describe the location of the central business district, industrial parks, or urban open spaces. • The sectoral model says the city develops in wedge-shaped sectors instead of rings: certain areas of a city are more attractive for various Toronto's Central Business District View on Boundless. com activities, which flourish and expand outward in a wedge. • The multiple nuclei model assumes that car ownership granted people more mobility and led the development of specialized regional centers within cities. • The irregular pattern model was developed to better explain urban structure in the Third World. It attempts to model the lack of planning or construction found in many rapidly built Third World cities. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-ofcities-123/the-structure-of-cities-694 -10482

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities The Process of Urbanization • Urbanization may be driven by local and global economic and social changes, and is generally a product of modernization and industrialization. • Urbanization has economic and environmental effects. Economically, urbanization drives up prices, especially real estate, which can force original residents to move to less-desirable neighborhoods. • Environmentally, cities cause "heat islands", where less Rural and Urban World Population View on Boundless. com vegetation and open soil raise city temperatures by 2 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit. • Recently in developed countries, sociologists have observed suburbanization and counterurbanization, or movement away from cities, which may be driven by transportation infrastructure, or social factors like racism. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-ofcities-123/the-process-of-urbanization-695 -3433

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities U. S. Urban Patterns • Different agencies and individuals define urban in different ways, but the U. S. Census Bureau's definitions are considered standard. • The U. S. Census Bureau defines "urban areas" as areas with a population density of at least 1, 000 people per square mile and at least 2, 500 American urban areas by size View on Boundless. com total people. • As of December, 2010, about 82% of the population of the United States lived within the boundaries of urbanized area. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-ofcities-123/u-s-urban-patterns-696 -8160

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities The Rural Rebound • Much of the "rural" rebound was driven by suburbanization, which is the movement of people from cities to surrounding suburbs, exurbs, or edge cities. • Suburbanization may be driven by white flight. • Counterurbanization refers, broadly, to A Suburban Neighborhood View on Boundless. com movement away from the city, which may include urban-to-rural migration and suburbanization. • Counterurbanization has created shrinking cities and attempts to better control urban growth. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-ofcities-123/the-rural-rebound-697 -10480

Population and Urbanization > Urbanization and the Development of Cities Models of Urban Growth • The growth machine theory of urban growth says urban growth is driven by a coalition of interest groups who all benefit from continuous growth and expansion. Thus, the growth of cities is a social phenomenon. • Urban sprawl results when cities grow uncontrolled, expanding into rural land making walking, public transit, or bicycling impractical. • Critics of urban life often focus on urban decay, which may Urban sprawl View on Boundless. com be self-perpetuating, according to the broken windows theory. • Urban renewal attempts to counter urban decay and restore growth. • The New Urbanism and smart growth movements both challenge the value of urban growth and expansion, and they try to improve urban life by keeping it on a human scale. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-ofcities-123/models-of-urban-growth-698 -10481

Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Key terms • central business district The central area of a city in which a concentration of certain retail and business activities takes place, especially in older cities with rail transportation. • counterurbanization A demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas. • counterurbanization Counterurbanisation is a demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas. • ex-urbs The expression exurb (for "extra-urban") was coined by Auguste Comte Spectorsky in his 1955 book The Exurbanites to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs that are commuter towns for an urban area. • gentrification A shift in an urban community toward wealthier residents and/or businesses and increasing property values; often resulting in poorer residents being displaced by wealthier newcomers. • Human Ecology Human ecology described the city as analogous to an ecosystem, with natural processes of adaptation and assimilation. • industrial cities Rapid growth brought urban problems, and industrial-era cities were rife with dangers to health and safety. Quickly expanding industrial cities could be quite deadly, full of contaminated water and air, and communicable diseases. • industrial era During the industrial era, cities grew rapidly and became centers of population and production. • lord A titled nobleman or aristocrat • Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution or Neolithic Demographic Transition, sometimes called the Agricultural Revolution, was the world's first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture. • New Urbanism is an urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods that contain a range of housing and job types. • Old World The known world before the discovery of the Americas. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization • population density The average number of people who live on each square mile (or kilometer) of land. • Preindustrial cities While ancient cities may have arisen organically as trading centers, preindustrial cities evolved to become well defined political units. • rural flight A term used to describe the migratory patterns of peoples from rural areas into urban areas. • rural obligations For people during the medieval era, cities offered a newfound freedom from rural obligations. City residence brought freedom from customary rural obligations to lord and community. • smart growth Smart growth programs draw urban growth boundaries to keep urban development dense and compact. • suburbanization A term used to describe the growth of areas on the fringes of major cities; one of the many causes of the increase in urban sprawl. • urban open space In land use planning, urban open space is open space areas for parks, green spaces, and other open areas. • urban renewal Urban renewal refers to programs of land redevelopment in areas of moderate- to high-density urban land use. • urbanism the study of cities, their geographic, economic, political, social, and cultural environment • urbanization The physical growth of urban areas as a result of rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities. • white flight The large-scale migration of whites of various European ancestries, from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban areas. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Broken windows in Detroit signal urban decay Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Detroit 14. " CC BY-SA http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Detroit 14. jpg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization American urban areas by size This map shows major urban areas in America. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Map of American urban areas by size. " CC BY-SA http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Map_of_American_urban_areas_by_size. svg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Slum in Glasgow, 1871 An example of slum life in an industrial city. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Slum in Glasgow, 1871. " Public domain http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Slum_in_Glasgow, _1871. jpg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization A Suburban Neighborhood Suburban neighborhoods often feature large, manicured lawns. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Southlake Suburb. " CC BY-SA http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Southlake_Suburb. JPG View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Toronto's Central Business District Skyscrapers populate Toronto's central business district Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Toronto central business district. " CC BY-SA http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Toronto_central_business_district. jpg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Urban sprawl Chicago, seen by air, shows urban sprawl Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Chicagoland air. " Public domain http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Chicagoland_air. jpg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Megacities Reflect Growing Urbanization Trend - You. Tube In the developing world, huge cities with sprawling slums have developed as agriculture and rural occupations have been supplanted by mechanized industries. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com You. Tube. "Megacities Reflect Growing Urbanization Trend - You. Tube. " Youtube License https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. Fbo. V 2 m 1 yuw View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Vatican City, a Modern City-state Medieval cities were political units, like Vatican City, a modern city-state. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Map of Vatican City. " Public domain http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Map_of_Vatican_City. jpg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Hoyt's Sectoral Model of Urban Growth In Hoyt's model, cities grow in wedge-shaped sectors radiating from the center. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Hoyt model. " Public domain http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Hoyt_model. svg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Concentric Zone Model The Concentric Ring Model described the city as a series of concentric rings, each home to a different group and social function. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Burgess model 1. " Public domain http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Burgess_model 1. svg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization The ancient city of Ur The ancient city Ur of Sumer, in present day Tell el-Mukayyar in Iraq, is one of the world's earliest known сities. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Ur-Nassiriyah. " CC BY-SA http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Ur-Nassiriyah. jpg View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Rural and Urban World Population Over time, the world's population has become less rural and more urban. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Percentage of World Population Urban Rural. " Public domain http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Percentage_of_World_Population_Urban_Rural. PNG View on Boundless. com

Population and Urbanization The theory of urban growth which posits that people see neglect around them, so they begin to neglect their own home is known as what? A) Urban decay B) Broken windows theory C) Urban sprawl D) New Urbanism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization The theory of urban growth which posits that people see neglect around them, so they begin to neglect their own home is known as what? A) Urban decay B) Broken windows theory C) Urban sprawl D) New Urbanism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization A ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs, generally occupied by well-educated, wealthy individuals is known as what? A) Edge city B) Commuter town C) Exurb D) Suburban flight Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization A ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs, generally occupied by well-educated, wealthy individuals is known as what? A) Edge city B) Commuter town C) Exurb D) Suburban flight Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization Which of the following would be an example of white flight? A) A group of wealthy college students living in a gated community B) A neighborhood of Asian-Americans living among poor Hispanics C) An ethnically diverse block of an affluent neighborhood D) African Americans living the a poor neighborhood known as "The Projects" Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization Which of the following would be an example of white flight? A) A group of wealthy college students living in a gated community B) A neighborhood of Asian-Americans living among poor Hispanics C) An ethnically diverse block of an affluent neighborhood D) African Americans living the a poor neighborhood known as "The Projects" Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization What percentage of people occupy what percentage of the land area of the United States? A) 75, 25 B) 82, 2 C) 60, 19 D) 50, 5 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization What percentage of people occupy what percentage of the land area of the United States? A) 75, 25 B) 82, 2 C) 60, 19 D) 50, 5 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization The movement of middle and upper class individuals away from cities while maintaining city lifestyles is known as what? A) Suburbanization B) Counterurbanization C) Middle class drift D) Exurbanization Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization The movement of middle and upper class individuals away from cities while maintaining city lifestyles is known as what? A) Suburbanization B) Counterurbanization C) Middle class drift D) Exurbanization Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization The urban structure model in which the city divides itself into wedges, and some wedges are more attractive than others, is known as what? A) Concentric Ring B) Multiple Nuclei C) Irregular D) Sectoral Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization The urban structure model in which the city divides itself into wedges, and some wedges are more attractive than others, is known as what? A) Concentric Ring B) Multiple Nuclei C) Irregular D) Sectoral Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization The number one killer of people living in urban areas what? A) Tuberculosis B) Cholera C) Typhoid fever D) Black lung Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization The number one killer of people living in urban areas what? A) Tuberculosis B) Cholera C) Typhoid fever D) Black lung Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization In the early 19 th century, what was the largest city in the world? A) Paris B) Baghdad C) London D) Venice Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization In the early 19 th century, what was the largest city in the world? A) Paris B) Baghdad C) London D) Venice Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization All of the following are reasons the earliest cities started EXCEPT: A) Government officials forced people to live in cities in order to facilitate their growth B) Reduced the transportation cost of goods and brought people together C) Formed a basis of protection from barbarian armies D) Food surpluses required storage and facilitated trade Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization All of the following are reasons the earliest cities started EXCEPT: A) Government officials forced people to live in cities in order to facilitate their growth B) Reduced the transportation cost of goods and brought people together C) Formed a basis of protection from barbarian armies D) Food surpluses required storage and facilitated trade Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Boundless - LO. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com/

Population and Urbanization In the Concentric Zone model, Zone B is likely to house what? A) The city's industrial center B) Wealthy commuter homes C) Rural outposts D) Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization In the Concentric Zone model, Zone B is likely to house what? A) The city's industrial center B) Wealthy commuter homes C) Rural outposts D) Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor. org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors. " CC BY 3. 0 http: //www. saylor. org/majors/Electives/

Population and Urbanization What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city? A) All of the answers B) Good environment with water and a favorable climate C) Advanced agricultural technology D) Strong social organization Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city? A) All of the answers B) Good environment with water and a favorable climate C) Advanced agricultural technology D) Strong social organization Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor. org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors. " CC BY 3. 0 http: //www. saylor. org/majors/Electives/

Population and Urbanization What led to the creation of the exurbs? A) Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city B) The high cost of suburban living C) The housing boom of the 1980 s D) Gentrification Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization What led to the creation of the exurbs? A) Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city B) The high cost of suburban living C) The housing boom of the 1980 s D) Gentrification Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor. org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors. " CC BY 3. 0 http: //www. saylor. org/majors/Electives/

Population and Urbanization What does human ecology theory address? A) The relationship between humans and their environments B) The way that humans impact technology C) How human population reduces the variety of nonhuman species D) The relationship between humans and other species Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization What does human ecology theory address? A) The relationship between humans and their environments B) The way that humans impact technology C) How human population reduces the variety of nonhuman species D) The relationship between humans and other species Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor. org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors. " CC BY 3. 0 http: //www. saylor. org/majors/Electives/

Population and Urbanization Attribution • Wikipedia. "Ancient cities. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Middle_Ages • Wiktionary. "lord. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/lord • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/preindustrial-cities • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/rural-obligations • Wiktionary. "urbanization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/urbanization • Wikipedia. "rural flight. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/rural+flight • Wiktionary. "suburbanization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/suburbanization • Wikipedia. "counterurbanization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/counterurbanization • Wikibooks. "Introduction to Sociology/Demography. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikibooks. org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Demography#Urbanization • Wikipedia. "Urbanization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Urbanization • Utah Valley University. "Chapter 18 - Urbanization. " CC BY http: //freebooks. uvu. edu/SOC 1010/index. php/ch 18 urbanization. html • Wikipedia. "Gentrification. " CC BY-SA http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gentrification • wikipedia. "Suburbanization. " CC BY-SA http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Suburbanization • Wikipedia. "Ancient cities. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Industrial_age • Wikipedia. "Industrial Revolution. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution#Factories_and_urbanisation • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/industrial-era • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/industrial-cities Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization • Wikipedia. "List of United States urban areas. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas • Wikipedia. "Urban area. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Urban_area#United_States • Wikipedia. "United States urban area. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/United_States_urban_area • Wiktionary. "population density. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/population+density • Wikipedia. "Ancient cities. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Ancient_times • Wikipedia. "Ancient cities. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ancient_cities#Origins • Wiktionary. "Old World. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/Old+World • Wiktionary. "urbanism. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/urbanism • Wikipedia. "Neolithic Revolution. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Neolithic+Revolution • Wikipedia. "Counter urbanization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Counter_urbanization • Wikipedia. "Exurb. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Exurb#Exurbs • Wikipedia. "White flight. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/White_flight • Wikipedia. "Shrinking cities. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Shrinking_cities • Wikipedia. "Edge city. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Edge_city • Wikipedia. "Exurb. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Exurb • Wikipedia. "counterurbanization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/counterurbanization • Wikipedia. "ex-urbs. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ex-urbs • Wikipedia. "white flight. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/white+flight • Wikipedia. "Smart growth. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Smart_growth Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization • Wikipedia. "New Urbanism. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/New_Urbanism • Wikipedia. "Urban development. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Urban_development#Aspects • Wikipedia. "Urban sprawl. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Urban_sprawl • Wikipedia. "Harvey Molotch. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Harvey_Molotch#The_City_as_a_Growth_Machine • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/new-urbanism • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/urban-renewal • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/smart-growth • Wikipedia. "Concentric ring model. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Concentric_ring_model • Wikipedia. "Multiple nuclei model. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_model • Wikipedia. "Urban structure. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Urban_structure • Wikipedia. "Central place theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Central_place_theory • Wikipedia. "Irregular pattern model. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Irregular_pattern_model • Wikipedia. "Central business district. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Central_business_district • Wikipedia. "Grid plan. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Grid_plan • Wikipedia. "Urban open space. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Urban_open_space • Wikipedia. "Industrial park. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Industrial_park • Wikipedia. "Sector model. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sector_model • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/human-ecology--2 • Wiktionary. "central business district. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/central+business+district Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Population and Urbanization • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/urban-open-space Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com