Urbanization Urbanization is an increase of people living

Urbanization • Urbanization is an increase of people living in urban areas rather than in rural areas. q 1 Reason more and better paying jobs q As urban populations have grown, many small towns have grown to form large urban areas called metropolitan areas. q. An example would be Washington D. C. -Baltimore.

Urbanization • Slow growth - roads and public transportation can be built to handle the Urbanization.

The Urban Crisis Rapid growth overwhelming

Urban sprawl • Urban sprawl is the rapid spread of a city into adjoining suburbs and rural areas.

Urban Sprawl

Heat island • Heat island is an area in which the air temperature is generally higher than the temperature of surrounding rural areas.

Development on Marginal Lands q. Many cities were first built where there was little room for expansion. q. As the cities grew, suburbs were often built on marginal land, or land that is poorly suited for building.

Land-use planning • Land-use planning is a set of policies and activities related to potential uses of land that is put in place before an area is developed. • Government requires detailed reports assessing the environmental impact • Developers, city governments, local businesses, and citizens often disagree about land-use plans.

Urban Planning • Land-Use Planning: determining in advance how land will be used • Developers, city governments, local businesses, homeowners, citizens • Detailed reports/environmental impacts Geographic Information System (GIS)

Urban Planning • Biggest urban annoyance? traffic! • Mass transit systems: save energy, reduce congestion, reduce pollution, limit land loss to roads/parking lots • Open Space: set aside for scenic/recreation; natural state Benefits?

Spain, Czech Republic, Germany, France, Ireland

Design A Land-Use Model • Plan the development of 400 acres of land for a growing city; four team members 1. Planner: creating a plan that encourages growth, attracts businesses & new clients 2. Developer: bought land from city, interested in right to build housing & shopping center 3. Conservationist: preserving open space & natural areas 4. Law Enforcer: ensures all laws & regulations are met Pg. 374 – old book Pg. ? ? ? – new book