URBAN STREAM REHABILITATION INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES IMPACTS INDICATORS OF
URBAN STREAM REHABILITATION
INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES & IMPACTS INDICATORS OF SUCCESS THE URBEM FRAMEWORK CASE STUDIES SOCIAL APPRAISAL AESTHETICS REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES SITE MONITORING BENEFITS / IMPACTS
SITE MONITORING
MONITORING IN EUROPE The Water Framework Directive establishes a framework for protection of all waters (inland surface water, coastal water, groundwater, rivers). The main objectives are: § Prevent any further deterioration and protect the water resources § Enhance protection and improvement of the current aquatic environment up to “Good ecological status” § Contribute to mitigate the effects of floods and droughts The monitoring of water resources is an essential part of assessing the potential of an urban river rehabilitation as it allows the scientist to identify the pressures on the catchment and the necessary remedies. Monitoring in the URBEM project has been split in several categories, representing different types of data in accordance with the water framework directive Next Monitoring according to the Water Framework Directive
§ Monitoring data were gathered from five different case studies in Europe. The parameters were divided in five sections, hydrological and hydraulic data, water chemistry, water biology and socio-economic and well-being data § Each section contains a list of parameters and each case study had to submit the available data and were scored according to the quantity and quality of the data using the water framework directive guidance document § Two Ms Excel spreadsheet for Ouseburn and Ljubljana data are available here. In these spreadsheet you will find monitoring data (water chemistry and biology) and also a short description of the river basin issues § The following slides will introduce you to the importance of monitoring data for a urban rivers and its implication in the water framework directive. These two components are illustrated in the description of the different case studies dataset URBEM Work Package 3 description
§ Pollution from point and diffuse sources (farm runoff, industry discharges) § Alteration of flow regime (abstraction, discharge, navigation) § Alteration of the morphology of the river (flood, sediment transport, building site impact) In order to assess the different pressures and their impact on the river, a set of quality elements are monitored by the different statutory agencies in Europe Pressures on urban rivers
The Water Framework Directive introduced a minimum monitoring regime for any rivers, three types of data are monitored: 1. Biological quality elements (macroinvertebrates, fish, etc) 2. Hydromorphological quality elements (water flow, bed structure, etc) 3. Chemical and physico-chemical quality elements (temperature, salinity, conductivity, etc)
Benthic Invertebrates Macrophytes Benthic Algae Fish Phytoplankton MEASURED PARAMETERS composition, abundance diversity and presence of diversity taxa composition and abundance, sensitive species diversity, age structure composition, abundace and planctonic blooms, presence of sesitive taxa SAMPLING METHODOLOGY ISO 8265 (surber sample), 7828 (handnet), 9391(grab) CEN standard under development TYPICAL SAMPLING FREQUENCY 6 month/ annualy quaterly /6 monthly annual monthly/ quaterly EXISTING MONITORING SYSTEM MEETS REQUIREMENT OF WFD NO NO NO nets, electrofisher integrated sample(34 m), depth sample Water Framework Directive guidelines on monitoring
MEASURED PARAMETERS Thermal condition Oxigenation conditions Salinity Acidification status Nutrients temperature DO 2 (mg/l) conductivity, Ca concentration p. H, ANC, alcalinity TP, TN, SRP, NO 3+, NO 2, NH 4 same as temperature or sample collection and winklers titration same as temp, sample collection SAMPLING METHODOLOGY in-situ using submersible probe TYPICAL SAMPLING FREQUENCY fortnightly/ monthly fortnightly/ monthly more frequently during flooding YES YES YES EXISTING MONITORING SYSTEM MEETS REQUIREMENT OF WFD sample collection in field followed by lab analyses Water Framework Directive guidelines on monitoring
MEASURED PARAMETERS TYPICAL SAMPLING FREQUENCY EXISTING MONITORING SYSTEM MEETS REQUIREMENT OF WFD River continuity River depth & width variations Structure and substrate of the river bed water table height, surface water discharge number and type of barrier, and associated provision for fish passage river crosssection, flow cross-sections, particle size and location of cwd length, width, species present, continuity, ground cover in-situ , real time 6 months, depending on climatology, and geology every 5 -6 years annual NO NO NO Quality and dynamics of water flow Connection to ground water bodies historical flows, modelled flows, real time flows, current velocity Structure of the riparian zone Water Framework Directive guidelines on monitoring
Newcastle Weidigtbach Lyon Wien Ljubljana 3. URBEM case studies location
Rehabilitation Objectives for the different case studies Chaudanne Ljubljana Description Ouseburn Description Weidigtbach Wien Reducing by half both peak flow and volumes coming from the Combined Sewer Overflow using stormwater detention basins Flood issues and water quality issues impacting on the fish population in the Ljubljana urban rivers (Gradascisca, Mali Graben and Gliniscica) Barrage at the mouth of the river to improve the visual appearance of the river (siltation issue) and its water quality in its lower part (CSO’s, wildlife corridor). These schemes will permit the regeneration of the lower part of the catchment. River habitat restoration/flooding scheme near a new housing development, mixing housing and parkland in the upper part of the catchment Renaturalisation of the bed along the whole river stretch Reduce flood hazards in the urban river reach by creating or enhancing three retention schemes along the river Wien (Auhof, Mauerbach and Wienerwaldsee). The reconstruction of the reservoirs will also serve ecological and recreational purposes Decision-Makers slides
URBEM database URBEM monitoring database summary
§ Every member of the public approaches differently the river environment and the water quality and quantity is associated to quality as they used the river environment mostly through associated activities such as dog walking, running, meeting people, practising sports, etc) § The river and its surroundings are generally assessed through the human senses: sight, smell, hearing, touch, feeling. Touch and feeling (temperature, floating litter) Sight (color, floating litter, bank and river vegetation) Smell (sewage and industry discharge) Public slides
Mayfly nymphs are sensitive to chemical pollution in the water and used in biological monitoring (benthic invertebrates) Cladophora sp. blooms as a result of high phosphate levels in the water, this mainly due to human activities discharging to the river (detergent using phosphate, inadequate sewage treatment, etc) Fish such as this perch are an indicator of excellent water quality and therefore rarely found in urban river environment Biological sampling
Chemical and physico-chemical monitoring can be assessed using a state-of-the-art multi-functional sampler able to sample chemical (nitrate, phosphate) and physicochemical (temperature, p. H, turbidity, etc) at the same time A wide range of chemical and physico-chemical quality elements (temperature, water height, nutrient, etc) can be measured using different types of diver Excel page Chemical and physico-chemical sampling
Sampling laboratory in situ Surface water drain discharging during storms Pump to extract water for chemistry sampling Water quality sampling Hyporheic sampling instrument Images Copyright Cemagref Lyon Monitoring in URBEM case study: Chaudanne, France
Excel page Case study: Ljubljana, Slovenia
Excel page Case study: Newcastle, UK
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