Urban Pesticide Reduction Program UPRP Sponsored by OSU

Urban Pesticide Reduction Program (UPRP) Sponsored by: OSU Extension Master Gardener Program OSU Extension Metro Programs Oregon Department of Agriculture

Urban Pesticide Reduction Program (UPRP) Class 2 Safe and Effective Pesticide Use

Review of Class 1 • Introductions • Review of Last Week’s Class • Overview of UPRP and Class Surveys (IRB) • Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Pesticides • What is a Pesticide? • Plan for Next Two Weeks

Urban Pesticide Reduction Program (UPRP) • Three classes • Class 1: Overview of UPRP. Pesticides defined. Assess your pesticide use in the home, garden and lawn. • Class 2: Reading a pesticide label. Proper use, storage and disposal of pesticides. • Class 3: Environmental fate of pesticides. Alternatives to pesticides for pest management. Prevention rather than reaction.

Logistics/Announcements

Today’s Agenda • Toxicity and Risks of Pesticides • Reading a Label • Safe Use, Storage and Disposal of Pesticides

Toxicity • Acute toxicity – damage resulting from a onetime or limited exposure. • Chronic toxicity – damage resulting from long -term (repeated) exposure. • Cancer • Birth Defects • Tumor Growth • Liver Damage, jaundice, fibrosis, cirrhosis • Reduces sperm count, miscarriage • Nerve Damage • Development of allergies to pesticides or chemicals in pesticide formulations

How is toxicity determined? • Acute toxicity is usually determined by animal testing in a dose-response study. • LOEL = Lowest Observed Effect Level • Lowest does with any observable effect. • • Highest dose with no observable effect. Basis for tolerances (residue levels in food or feed crops). • NOEL = No Observed Effect Level • LD 50 = “lethal dose fifty” • • • Dose that killed half of the test animals. Basis for Signal Words on pesticide labels. The smaller this number, the more poisonous the pesticide.

Examples of LD 50 • table salt • aspirin • Diazinon • caffeine • rotenone • nicotine 3750 mg/kg 1250 mg/kg 200 mg/kg 130 mg/kg 55 mg/kg The smaller this number, the more poisonous the substance.

How much is that for a 175 pound (80 kg) person? • table salt • aspirin • Diazinon • caffeine • rotenone • nicotine 3750 mg/kg = 1. 5 to 2 cups 1750 mg/kg = 350 aspirin 1250 mg/kg 200 mg/kg = 160 cups 130 mg/kg 55 mg/kg = 25 -55 cigarettes Symptoms occur at levels far below LD 50 values.

Signal Words: potential to harm or poison Caution (Cat. IV) Caution (Cat. III) Warning (Cat. II) Danger – Poison (Cat. I) Oral LD 50 > 5000 mg/kg 500 -5000 mg/kg 50 -500 mg/kg < 50 mg/kg Inhalation LD 50 > 20 mg/l 2 -20 mg/l 0. 2 -2 mg/l < 0. 2 mg/l > 5000 mg/kg 2000 -5000 200 -2000 Dermal mg/kg LD 50 Reverses in 7 More than 7 Eye Effects No Irritation < 200 mg/kg Skin Effects Mild Irritation Corrosive Days Moderate Irritation Severe Irritation Corrosive

Self Assessment Tool True False The signal words ‘DANGER’, ‘CAUTION’ and ‘WARNING’ refer to a pesticide’s potential hazards to human health True False The signal words ‘DANGER’, ‘CAUTION’ and ‘WARNING’ refer to a pesticide’s potential hazards to environmental health

4 Routes of Entry • Skin • Breathing through nose or mouth • Eyes • Swallowing • Once a pesticide enters your • body, it doesn’t matter how it got there! Symptoms of pesticide poisoning should be removed from the point of contact

Common Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning Mild or early symptoms: Fatigue Headache Dizziness Blurred vision Excessive sweating Excessive salivation Nausea and vomiting Stomach cramps Diarrhea Tingling or numbness Moderate symptoms: Inability to walk Weakness Chest discomfort Muscle twitches Pupil constriction Severe symptoms: Renal Failure Unconsciousness Convulsions Difficulty breathing Death

Risk of Pesticide Poisoning Risk = toxicity * exposure High toxicity * good management = Low risk Low toxicity * poor management = High risk Zero exposure = zero risk

Pesticide Poisoning • Beware of ANY unusual symptoms! • Carefully read labels prior to use • Know what to expect and how symptoms may be treated • Pesticide Emergencies • Poison Control Center: 1 -800 -222 -1222 • Keep label accessible: EPA registration number • 911 • Keep label accessible: EPA registration number

Today’s Agenda • Toxicity and Risks of Pesticides • Reading a Label • Safe Use, Storage and Disposal of Pesticides

Pesticide Labels: A LOT of Information • • • Brand name Product/Trade name Chemical name Ingredient statement Type of formulation Net contents Name and address of manufacturer Registration number Establishment number Precautionary statements • • • Environmental hazards Physical & chemical hazards Signal words and symbols Statement of practical treatment Directions for use Preharvest interval Restricted entry interval Storage & disposal directions Misuse statement The format of pesticide labels is not standard!

Pesticide Names • Never choose or recommend products based on brand or trade names alone. Read the active ingredients on the label. • Several names appear on pesticide labels: • Brand name (e. g. , Sevin. TM, Roundup. TM) • Common chemical name (e. g. , carbaryl) • Different manufacturers may market the same active ingredient under different brand names.

• Put in picture of two different products with same ai • And put in pics with same looking product but two different ai’s

Label Activity • Use the pesticide that you brought from home for this activity. • If you do not have a pesticide, you can use the Ortho Insect Killer Label. • As a class, we will complete the label activity worksheet, as we work through the next set of slides.

Generic Product Label http: //www. epa. gov/opp 00001/label/

Product Name • Manufacturer Name • Trade or Brand Name

Ingredients Statement – Active Ingredients Identifies the ‘active ingredient(s)’, which is/are the ingredient(s) that control the pest.

Ingredients Statement - Inert Ingredients Gives the % of other/inert ingredients These ingredients do not control the pest, but serves another purpose. This purpose may be to dissolve the active ingredient(s) or to affect how the product works.

Net Contents Statement Identifies how much pesticide product is in the container.

Directions for Use • What the product controls • Where, when and how to use • Booklet or toll free number may be given for consumers use and information

Signal Word One of three danger words: (1) Caution (2) Warning (3) Danger or Danger Poison These words represent the product’s potential hazards to humans. Caution is least hazardous. Danger Poison is the most hazardous.

Precautionary Statements • Potential hazards to people and pets • Steps you can take to reduce hazards • May include information on how to protect children and/or pets

Environmental Hazards If the product is potentially harmful to wildlife, fish, endangered plants or animals, or may adversely impact wetlands and water resources.

Physical and Chemical Hazards Notes hazards such as Corrosiveness or flammability

Storage and Disposal Instructions • How best to store the product • What to do with unused product • What to do with the empty container

Statement of First Aid What to do if someone swallows, breathes or contacts the product, or gets the product on their skin or in their eyes A ‘Note to Physicians’, which provides Drs. with specific information, may also be included.

EPA Registration Number

EPA Establishment Number

Contact Information of Manufacturer or Distributor Name, address and sometimes phone number of the manufacturer or distributor.

Warranty Statement intended to limit a company’s liability, or to act as a disclaimer, or to act as a product warranty.

Common Label Violations • What label violations have you seen, or can you imagine? • Think about violations in the home and garden, but also in the workplace.

Today’s Agenda • Toxicity and Risks of Pesticides • Reading a Label • Safe Use, Storage and Disposal of Pesticides

Personal Protective Equipment **Label will commonly require “longsleeved shirt and long pants” (not defined as PPE). **

Ready to Use Products Copyright 2006, Oregon State University, all rights reserved.

Hose End and Compression Sprayers Copyright 2006, Oregon State University, all rights reserved.

Hose-end Sprayers • Hose-end sprayers are proportioners that mix a concentrated pesticide with water and emit a spray of diluted pesticide. Lid Container (Siphon Tube Inside Container)

Hose-end sprayer • Place anti-siphon device between sprayer and water source to prevent back siphoning of pesticides into your water system. Anti-backflow device

Compression Sprayers • Requires extra precautions due to: • Breezes • Splashing • Pesticides in concentrated forms • Require regular pumping for effective spray application. Hand-held Compression Sprayer

Pesticide Storage • Keep pesticides to a minimum, to reduce storage needs. • Follow label instructions.

Pesticide Storage • Keep pesticides in original containers! • Store in leak-proof containers.

Pesticide Storage • Store out of reach of children and pets. • Never store near food, feed or medicines. • Avoid temperature extremes and moisture.

Disposal of Pesticide Containers • Metro operates two household hazardous waste collection facilities in the Portland area. • Facility locations, hours of operation • Metro Recycling Information: 503 -234 -3000. • Community collection events in the tri-county -area • Call 503 -234 -3000 for information.

Reminders for Next Class • We will be discussing environmental fate of pesticides and alternatives to pesticides for pest management.

Photos Credits • Growing Gardens • Metro Regional Government • Sustainable Living • DHS • OSU Extension Metro Master Gardener Program • http: //flickr. com/photos/judyandpaul/2469337608/ • http: //www. audubon. org/bird/at_home/images/IPM • _Reduce. Pesticides-12. jpg http: //www. proudtobecanadian. ca/images/pr/Pesticide_stockpile_email. jpg

Clip Art Credits • • • http: //www. phillipmartin. info/clipart/misc_welcome 2. gif http: //www. lusd. net/board/agenda. Clip. Art. jpeg http: //www. baileypto. org/ http: //www. state. me. us/agriculture/bpc/index. html http: //school. discoveryeducation. com/clipart/images/digtlc mr. gif http: //www. epa. gov/opp 00001/label/