Urban Geography Urban Pattern and Structure Intraurban Spatial
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Intraurban Spatial Organization • Technology and urban form • John Borchart’s Evolutionary Epochs – Sail-Wagon (1790 -1830) – Iron Horse (1830 -1870) – Steel-Rail (1870 -1920) – Auto-Air-Amenity (1920 -1970) – High-tech (1970 -? )
Urban Geography: Urbanization and Location Clarke Urban Growth Model • • • output of model run on Santa Barbara Green = Current Urban Light Blue = Predicted Urban Royal Blue = Excluded Yellow = Roads Red = Other
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Central Place Theory – Centrality – Threshold: min. population for normal profits Distance Demand Delivered Price – Range: distance consumer is willing to travel to purchase product. Price Distance
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure • Central Place Theory (cont. ) – Excess Profits Spatial Competition, Equilibrium Threshold Range – Central place hierarchy, ordering, nesting
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure • Central Place Theory (cont. ) – Assumptions: > Uniform spatial distribution of population/income > Isotropic transport surface > Consumers patronize nearest store > No excess profits (range=threshold) – Hexagonal trade areas of central place theory
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Spatial Competition:
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure • Central Place Theory (cont. ) – Relax Assumptions: > Population/income variation > Transport surface > Consumer behavior > Profits
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure • Central Place Theory (cont. ) > Application to retail and settlement patterns. > Do cities of similar size have approximately equal spacing? > Encarta. . .
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure • Functional structure • CBD, central city, suburb • Urban Ecology: Classic Models > Concentric Zone: Burgess (1920 s) > Sector Model: Hoyt (1930 s) > Multiple Nuclei: Harris and Ulman (1940 s)
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure
Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Economic Base and the Base Multiplier • Basic and non-basic sector • Defining the base multiplier • Example: Raytheon
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