Urban Geography Jeff Cherry KISD So where have

Urban Geography Jeff Cherry - KISD

So where have you lived? § Rural countryside? § Small rural town? § Large town § Small city? § Big city? § Suburbs of a big city? § https: //youtu. be/f. Kn. AJCSGSdk Jeff Cherry - KISD

What does urban mean? § It refers to the built up space of a central city and its suburbs. Jeff Cherry - KISD

st 1 agricultural village Catal Huyuk (Turkey) Jeff Cherry - KISD

1 st Urban Revolution § 10, 000 – 12, 000 years ago § 5 early hearths § Mesopotamia (Tigris-Euphrates) § Nile River Valley § Indus River Valley § Yellow River Valley § Mesoamerica Jeff Cherry - KISD

2 nd Urban Revolution § Late 18 th / early 19 th century § Mirroring the Industrial Revolution § Starting in England spread to Europe and America. § Gave rise to unplanned and rapid growth, creating overcrowded slums, poor sanitation, and polluted “black cities. ” § Described by Charles Dickens Jeff Cherry - KISD

Bleak Industrial Cities § Warnings of population growth by Thomas Malthus seemed to appear true, as overcrowded, slum like conditions prevailed in the Midlands of England. § Where is this phenomenon found today? Jeff Cherry - KISD

Quality of life was slow to progress Jeff Cherry - KISD

Urbanization Jeff Cherry - KISD

Barrios, Favelas, Gecekondu Jeff Cherry - KISD

Urbanization’s pattern § In 1800, only 3% of the world’s population lived in a city. § 6% in 1850 § 14% in 1900 § 30% in 1950 § 47% in 2000 § 50% in 2007 (Monumental moment) § 2020 projection – 62% urban § 2050 projection – 75% urban Jeff Cherry - KISD

Where is this happening? § 90% of population growth will take place in the LDC’s of the world, and conversely the rate of urbanization. Jeff Cherry - KISD

https: //youtu. be/v 1 p 9 jl. QUW 0 k Jeff Cherry - KISD

The biggest of the biggest! § Megalopolis § Large cities and their suburbs interconnected with other cities and their suburbs. §Bosnywash §Tokaido §Randstad “blue banana” or “bluemarang” Jeff Cherry - KISD

“Bosnywash” megalopolis Jeff Cherry - KISD

Jeff Cherry - KISD

“blue banana” or bluemarang” Jeff Cherry - KISD

Urban Environments § World Megacities (10 million or more) § More than ¾ of the current metropolitan areas that are Megacities are found in the developing world. § This number is expected to be a 4 to 1 ratio by 2025. § Tokyo § Mexico City § Mumbai § Seoul § Sao Paulo § Shanghai § Jakarta § (This list is argumentative and subject to change) § https: //youtu. be/e. Fbo. V 2 m 1 yuw Jeff Cherry - KISD

Urban Agglomerations § Metropolitan Area (MSA) § The U. S. designate a city with at least 50, 000 § At least 25 persons per square mile § At least 50% of people working in central city § Conurbation § Metropolitan areas that are connected to one another yet smaller than a megalopolis. § Chicago-Milwaukee-Gary § Dallas-Forth Worth Jeff Cherry - KISD

§ Hamlet: less than 500 usually at a crossroad § Village: 500 -2500 people and specializes in one economic activity. § Town: has between 2500 and 20, 000 people with a functioning government and specialized activities. § City: has between 20, 000 to 1 million people. A regional center of government and trade. § ALL OF THESE DEFINITIONS CAN BE DETERMINED BY INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES Jeff Cherry - KISD

How are Urban Areas Laid out? § There are 3 primary models of urban structure within U. S. cities: § Concentric Zone Model § Sector Model § Multiple Nuclei Model § Various urban patterns have developed in other parts of the world. Jeff Cherry - KISD

Concentric Zone Model Jeff Cherry - KISD

Concentric Zone Model § Developed by E. W. Burgess in 1923 § A city grows outward in rings from the central city, or CBD. § The size and width of the bands may vary. § Generally there are 5 bands: § § § Central Business District Zone of transition (industry and poorer housing) Working class homes Newer middle class homes Commuter zone Jeff Cherry - KISD

Sector Model Jeff Cherry - KISD

Sector Model § Developed in 1939 by Homer Hoyt § Possibly environmental factors created wedges or pie shapes away from the CBD. § Zones or pie-shaped sectors include: § Transportation and industry § Low-class residential § Middle-class residential § High-class residential Jeff Cherry - KISD

Multiple-Nuclei Model Jeff Cherry - KISD

Multiple-Nuclei Model § C. D. Harris & E. L Ullman in 1945 § A complex structure that includes more than one city center. § Multiple-Nuclei states that some activities are attracted to particular nodes. § A Multiple-Nuclei city might have: § CBD § Wholesale, light manufacturing § Low-class residential § Medium-class residential § High-class residential § Heavy manufacturing § Outlying business district § Residential suburb § Industrial suburb Jeff Cherry - KISD

Jeff Cherry - KISD

Related topics of Urbanization § Central Place Theory § Rank-size rule § Primate city and Primate city rule § World cities § Daily urban systems § Suburbanization/”Edge Cities” § Gentrification/New Urbanism Jeff Cherry - KISD

Rank-size Rule § In MDC’s, geographers notice that a ranking from largest to smallest (population) produces a regular pattern or hierarchy. § In other words, the 2 nd largest city is onehalf the size of the largest, the 4 th largest is one-fourth the size of the largest, and so on. Jeff Cherry - KISD

Rank-size illustration Jeff Cherry - KISD

Jeff Cherry - KISD

Jeff Cherry - KISD

Central Place Theory. Walter Christaller § A central place is a market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area. § Explains how services are distributed, therefore why settlement patterns are fairly regular in MDC’s Jeff Cherry - KISD

Jeff Cherry - KISD

§ Using the Central Place Theory, use the map to create market centers for MLB teams, NBA teams, NFL teams, and Media markets including newspaper and television in Texas. § Use different colored rings to illustrate and label. Jeff Cherry - KISD

John Borchert § Borchert’s ideas are § Sail and Wagon Epoch based on the impact of transportation and communication technology on the development of North American cities. § Cities will grow and decline respectively based on their positions of hierarchy. § 1790 -1830 § Steam-Iron Horse Epoch § 1830 -1870 § Steel Rail Epoch § 1870 -1920 § Auto-Air Amenity Epoch § 1920 -1970 § High Technology/ Telecommunication Epoch § Not in Borcherts model § 1970’s into 21 st century Jeff Cherry - KISD

Primate City rule § A country’s largest city is the primate city. § The primate city rule is slightly different than the rank-size rule. § In the primate city rule, the primate city is MORE than twice the size of the next city. § Example: London 11 million to Birmingham (2 nd largest) 3 million. Jeff Cherry - KISD

World Cities § These cities are the dominant economic cities in the world. § They have a large concentration of global companies and business centers. § Dominant sectors include law, banking, insurance, accounting, advertising, and the stock market. Jeff Cherry - KISD

World City Hierarchy Jeff Cherry - KISD

Emerging “Edge Cities” § “Edge Cities”, § a phrase coined by geographer Joel Garreau. Jeff Cherry - KISD

“Edge Cities” § These “edge cities” are suburban areas that are almost totally self-sufficient in terms of shopping, leisure activities, and workplaces. § Examples in Houston area include: § League City-Nasa Area § The Woodlands § Medical Center-West University § Sugarland-Richmond-Rosenburg § KATY! Jeff Cherry - KISD

Jeff Cherry - KISD

Jeff Cherry - KISD

“Daily urban systems” Jeff Cherry - KISD

Urban Movements § Gentrification and the New Urbanism § https: //youtu. be/5 ny. Db. Hi 1 YQE § https: //youtu. be/VGJt_YXIo. JI Jeff Cherry - KISD

§ Redlining § Racially biased loan practices to depress communities and drive down property values. § Blockbusting § Realtors convinced white owners that minorities were moving in, essentially buying up property at a low cost. § Properties would then be sub-divided and sold to minorities or developers. § https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=98 IYrt A 4 U 8 c Jeff Cherry - KISD