Upperair Observating stations Upperair Observating stationsGUAN Observation ships

● Upper-air Observating stations ◎ Upper-air Observating stations(GUAN) ● 　　Observation ships Wakkanai Sapporo ● Nemuro ◎ Kofu Maru Akita ● Seifu Maru Wajima ● ◎ Tateno Yonago ● Fukuoka ● ● Shionomisaki Chofu Maru ◎ ● Sendai ● Hachijojima Kagoshima Ryofu Maru ● Naze Naha ◎ ● Ishigakijima ● Minamidaitojima Chichijima Minamitorishima Figure 1 Upper-air Observation Network of JMA

FIGURE 2 Rawinsonde “ RS 2 -91 model” Temperature Sensor Converter (Temperature, Humidity) 1. 7 m 600 g Converter (Pressure) Balloon Pressure Sensor 7. 5 m Humidity Sensor 18 cm Battery 1. 2 m SENSOR Pressure: Parachute Capacitive Aneroid Range 5 ～ 1050 h. Pa Accuracy ± 1 h. Pa Transmitter Temperature: Rod Thermistor Range -90 ～ +40℃ Accuracy ± 0. 5℃ 7. 5 m 9 cm 11 cm Humidity: Capacitive thin film Range 0 ～ 100％ Accuracy ± 7%(10～ 95%), 　± 10% Rawinsonde TRANSMITTER Frequency 1680, 1673, 1687 MHz Modulation Type A 1 D Transmitter Power 0. 4 W

FIGURE 3 Rawin “ W 92 -model” 1. 4 m 200 g Battery 注水電池 Balloon 7. 5 m 1. 2 m Pressure Sensor 断続式気圧計 発信器 Transmitter 14 cm Parachute Rawin 8 cm 11 cm PRESSURE SENSOR Baroswitch Aneroid TRANSMITTER Frequency 1680 MHz Modulation Type A 1 D Transmitter Power 0. 1 W

FIGURE 4 Ground Facilities of Upper-air Observation System “ JMA-91 model” Radome Antenna Controler, Angle Signal Converter Receiver Air Conditioner Antena Antenna φ2 m Parabolic Reflector Sonde Signal Converter Receiving Frequency 　Primary Date Processor 　Secondary Date Processor X-Y Plotter Operation Panel Disk Printer Disk 1660 ～ 1700 MHz Tracking Method Mono Pulse Tracking Speed more than 10°/sec UPS Communication unit Tracking Accuracy Active: less than 0. 2°

TABLE 1　 Classification of Upper-air Observations　type operated by JMA Classification 　　Outputs 　　　　　　Instruments 　　　Altitude Range Rawinsonde Pressure Temperature Humidity Wind Direction Wind Speed Normal Observation RS 2 -91 Type Rawinsonde 600 g Balloon Parachute Unwinder ( used in windy condition) Guide Light (used at night ) Surface to about 30 km (10 h. Pa) High Altitude Observation 1200 g Balloon（GUAN） Observation Times 00 UTC, 12 UTC (09 JST, 21 JST) 06 and/or 18 UTC: Under significant weather conditions including typhoon Surface to about 35 km (5 h. Pa) 12 UTC (21 JST) Surface to about 15 km (100 h. Pa) 06 UTC, 18 UTC (15 JST, 03 JST) *Meteorological Observation Vessels use GPS Radiosonde RS 80 -15 G. Rawin (Radiowind) Pressure Wind Direction Wind Speed W 92 Type Rawin 200 g Balloon Parachute Unwinder ( used windy) Guide Light (used night )