Upper Ontologies for Specifying Context Ontology Summit 2018

Upper Ontologies for Specifying Context Ontology Summit 2018 Track Session 1: 07 February Ontology Summit 2018

Track B : Upper Ontologies for Specifying Context • Track Co-champions: • Mike Bennett • David Whitten • Blog Page • Not there yet…

Objective • The objective of this Ontology Summit 2018 track is to understand: • The role of upper ontologies in providing or using context • Upper ontology partitions that explicitly define a kind of context • Disposition of other model content that may be considered as the context for something, in the, erm, context of upper ontologies.

Words Unionized

Words Bank

Words Bank I nearly didn’t come out of that bank

Concepts Building Is a Bank Aerobatic Maneuver Is a Bank

Scope WHAT WHO WHEN EVA HOW WHERE WHY " The FAA predicts 400, 000 to 2. 3 M licensed Part 107 remote pilots by 2020” - FAA Air Traffic Organization Policy: Order JO 7200. 23 10/9/17 jring 7@gmail. com 8

Why we Need Context • “Meaning is context” • Dictionaries: the meaning (referent) of a word or term is sensitive to the context in which it is used • Ontologies: should deal with that formally • Desired end point: there should be nothing in the ontology for which it can be said that the ‘meaning’ of that item is itself dependent on context • If that is the case the ontology is still just a dictionary • Therefore: ontology must contain within it all the material relating to context

KR Lattice Partitions 10

KR Lattice: ‘Relatives’ Partition • Everything which may be defined falls into one of three categories: Thing Independent Thing “Thing in Itself” • e. g. some Person Relative Thing in some context • e. g. that person as an employee, as a customer, as a pilot… Mediating Thing Context in which the relative things are defined • e. g. employment, sales, aviation 11

Hierarchy of Contexts: Customer Legal Person played by Natural Person Bank Client Retail Customer In context Bank Client Relationship Retail Customer Relationship Organization Current Account Holder Loan Borrower Current Account Relationship Loan Relationship

Session Ideas and Motivations • Hear from the leading TLOs on how they view or handle context • Get someone in from ISO TC 37 to talk about this • Structure • Usual: 2 or 3 speakers + discussion • Panel? E. g. convene and interview TLO leaders as distinct from presentations? • Case Studies: get some practical experience on how context is handled in real applications

Upper Ontologies • The main ones are: • • • BFO DOLCE GFO YAMATO TUpper. Ware UFO GIST IDEAS SUMO • Also relevant / have UO elements • • • Cyc The KR Lattice Onto. UML SMIF FIBO

Discussion Topics • Contextual matter in different Top Level Ontologies • Notions of Context itself • Different ways of dealing with Context in different ontology frameworks • Context versus microtheories • Practical applications to solve real world data problems • Context taxonomies

Today’s Session • Panel and Overview of how Context is seen and handled in TLOs • Brief presentation followed by Q&A • Open discussions of issues raised • Panelists • Barry Smith: How BFO Deals with Multiple Contexts • BFO Is a top-level -- which means 'domain neutral' -- ontology designed to promote interoperability across information systems dealing with data from different domains. Barry will present the background of BFO in ontology work in biomedicine and geospatial science. BFO serves as toplevel ontology for multiple ontology suites. Will focus specifically on examples from the Environment Ontology (ENVO). • Frank Loebe: Context in Abstract Role Models and In the GFO Upper Ontology • Frank will give a brief overview of his views on 'context', including how that term may be thought of in abstract role models, along with how this relates to the General Formal Ontology (GFO) upper ontology

Next Session: 14 March • More TLOs and their perspectives on context • Practical implications • Case studies and / or pragmatic solutions to contextual problems, that use upper ontologies.

Over to our First Speaker