Upper Limb Regions Shoulder Arm Forearm Hand Shoulder

Upper Limb Regions • Shoulder • Arm & Forearm • Hand

Shoulder region • • Bones Joints Muscles Vessels & Nerves

Shoulder Osteology • Clavicle • Scapula • Humerus

Clavicle Sup. S shape Latin clavis = key, old Roman key was S-shaped

Clavicle Inf. Ligaments attachment Conoid: cone shape

Clavicle Ant. Medial & lateral ends

korax = a crow Posterior Anterior

Glene: Greek = socket acromion: Greek akros = Hill

Shoulder Separation

Ant. Lat.

Subacromial bursa Bursitis

Shoulder X-ray, AP projection 1, Clavicle. 2, Acromion. 3, Greater tubercle. 4, Lesser tubercle. 5, Neck of Humerus. 6, Humerus. 7, Coracoid Process. 8, Axillary border of scapula. 9, Rib.

Shoulder region • • Bones Joints Muscles Vessels & Nerves

Classifications of muscles that move the shoulder • A. muscles connecting scapula to humerus • B. muscles connecting trunk to scapula • C. muscles connecting trunk to humerus

Short muscles

Coracobrachialis • Function: flex & adduct the shoulder joint

Deltoid • Origin: – Clavicle, scapula • Insertion: – Deltoid tuberosity of humerus • Actions: – Abduction – Anterior deltoid: internal rotation – Posterior deltoid: external rotation

B. muscles connecting trunk to scapula 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Serratus anterior Levator scapula Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Trapezius Pectoralis minor

Serratus Anterior • Origin: – Ribs • Insertion: – Medial border of scapula • Actions: – Protraction and rotation of scapula

Trapezius • Origin: – Occipital bone of skull, cervical and thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: – Clavicle and Scapula • Actions: – Elevation – retraction

C. muscles connecting trunk to humerus • Pectoralis major • Latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis Major • Origin: – Clavicle, sternum, upper ribs • Insertion: – Crest of greater tubercle and lat lip • Action: – Add, med rotation

Latissimus Dorsi • Origin: – Vertebrae, sacrum, ilium • Insertion: – Medial lip • Actions: – Adduction and med rotation of humerus

Latissimus Dorsi if humerus is fixed