Upper Extremity Elbow Forearm complex Part 1 Anatomical

Upper Extremity – Elbow & Forearm complex Part. 1. Anatomical consideration Part. 2. special test Part. 3. clinical consideration

Elbow jt. and forearm complex 3 bone: humerus, ulna, radius 4 joints - Humeroulnar jt. - Humeroradial jt. - Proximal radioulnar jt. - Distal radioulnar jt.

Normal angle 13± 6도 여성>남성 Cubitus varus (gunstock deformity)

Ligament & Motions that increase tension § Med. collateral lig. - ant. part: valgus, extension - post. part: valgus, flexion - transverse part § Lat. collateral lig. - radial collateral component : varus - ulnar collateral component : varus, flexion § Annular lig. : distraction of the radius

Overstretch or rupture the medial collateral lig. Full extension + valgus force

Functional considerations of elbow flexion & extension

Function of the interosseous membrane Radius를 통해 근위쪽으로 향하는 힘의 일부는 뼈사이막을 통해 ulna로 전달

Function of the interosseous membrane § Taut structures : oblique cord annular lig. Brachioradialis § Slack structure : interosseous membrane

Pulled elbow

Functional considerations of pronation & supination

Elbow Flexors Agonist supination: biceps brachii neutral: brachioradialis pronation: brachialis Synergist pronator teres ext. carpiradialis longus

Elbow Extensors Anconeus primary extensor stabilizer Triceps brachii recruitment order : medial heat → lateral head → long head

Supinators & pronators Supinators : supinator biceps extensor pollicis longus Pronators : pronator teres pronator quadratus flexor carpi radialis

Biceps by the Supinator로서의 biceps는 Elbow jt. 가 90도 굴곡되었을 때 효율성이 가장 큼

Upper Extremity – Elbow & forearm complex Part. 1. Anatomical consideration Part. 2. special test Part. 3. clinical consideration

Problem solving strategy “Physical therapist” “나”는 할 수 있는가?