Upgrades to the Australian Antarctic Geodetic Network John

Upgrades to the Australian Antarctic Geodetic Network John Manning Gary Johnston Paul Digney

East Amery and the Prince Charles Mountains Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Historical setting • Survey network commenced in 1954 at Mawson station with local triangulation • Control points extended across east Antarctica with astro fixes for tri met aerial photography for mapping • Aircraft stopped Wintering in 1960 • Summer 1964/65 EDM traversing supported with helicopters Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Background • Australian Antarctic Geodetic Network • • (AAGN) commenced in the mid 1960’s Consists of permanent survey marks placed on rock outcrops Continuous from Davis to Molodezhnaya Observed using traditional surveying techniques (angles, distances, azimuth's) Upgrades began in the mid 1990’s using GPS Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Classical terrestrial methods • EDM traversing loops using Tellurometers • Angular measurements Wild T 3 Theodolites • Good second order specification • Simultaneous reciprocal verticals • Use of heliographs and lamps • Supported by astro datum at Mawson and azimuths Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Mt Caroline Mikkelsen Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Continuous Geodetic network from Davis to Molodezhnaya • Ingrid Christensen Coast- Amery- Mawson Escarpment- South Prince Charles- Northern Prince Charles. Framnes Mountains - Kemp land Enderby land • Independent geodetic network In Windmill islands based at Casey Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Introduction of Space geodesy • Pageos 1969 • Doppler mid 1970 s • GPS from 1990 • Readjustment from International spheroid to ITRF using GRS 80 ellipsoid Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

GPS Observations 2000/2001 GPS Observations 1997/1998 Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Lambert -Amery Work Program • Strengthen Eastern Amery traverse • • • section with space geodesy Extend network to Grove Mountains Connect to geodynamic continuous GPS science installations Densify network in Southern Prince Charles Mountains Integrate with other nations networks Upgrade to ITRF 2000 Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Current activity summer 2000/2001 East Amery • Geodetic quality GPS observations at – Mt Caroline Mikkelsen – Landing Bluff – Corry Rock (Gillock Island) – Rubeli Bluff (Reinbolt Hills) Geodynamic sites • for long term observations – Grove mountains site – Landing Bluff Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

2000/2001 Activity cont’d • Larsemann Hills • Vestfold Hills • Connections to tide gauge benchmarks Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Mt Stinear Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Mt Ruker Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Beaver Lake (Twilley Bluff) Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Dalton Corner Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Future Program • Continue to enhance the AAGN by observing GPS in the following areas – Southern Prince Charles Mountains – Enderby Land – Grove Mountains – Commonwealth Bay – Trans-Antarctic Mountains • Observe Long occupation GPS in the • Grove Mountains and Southern PCM’s for uplift studies Integrate with remote CGPS science sites Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Future Cooperate Program • Integrate with other nations geodetic networks in East Antarctica through cooperation and joint activity : – Russia – China – Japan – Germany Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg

Rooster Point Antarctic Geodetic Symposium 2001, St Petersburg