Upgrade of the ALPI postaccelerator M Comunian Outline

Up‐grade of the ALPI post‐accelerator M. Comunian

Outline – Present day stable beam facility Overview. – SPES Global Overview. • Transport Line from Target to Charge Breeder. • Transport Line to SPES RFQ. • SPES RFQ as new injector for ALPI. – NEW ALPI layout for SPES.

SC Linac with QWRs (Nb, Nb/Cu) at 4, 5 K in 19 cryostats Veq ~ 48 Me. V/q, beams from 12 C to 197 Au, injected by Tandem or PIAVE (1994) SC Linac ALPI Hall 3 Supernanogan ECR on 350 k. V platform SC-RFQs and QWRs, Veq ~ 8 MV 12 C – 197 Au (higher q and Ibeam) (2006) PIAVE XTU-Tandem 15 MV Vd. G Tandem (HV Corp), H‐ 100 Mo beams, E = 30 ÷ 1. 5 Me. V/A, CW or pulsed (1984) Halls 1 and 2

Operation with Stable Beams 2006‐ 2013 In 2013 -2015 PIAVE and ALPI operation 50% of the time: contributes to 15% of the residual Budget (spare on electricity bill) and concentrates work force on the SPES project.

Representative Stable Beams Available TANDEM INJECTOR PIAVE INJECTOR Progressive development of new PIAVE beams: in 2013 Mo and Ca (at least 10 pn. A at the experiment; 48 Ca to be tested for min. consumption); Next: Pb, Dy, Pd

SPES Layout 3° Hall Cyclotron ALPI Existing, minor modifications required Existing, major modifications required New PIAVE • ALPI UPGRADE • • • Resonators: low‐beta upgrade and E‐ Upgrade (+2 high‐b cryostats) New quads with higher gradient (20→ 25 T/m) to optimize T RN Beam Diagnostics Cryogenics and cryostats upgrades Vacuum system replacement New controls (RF, diagnostics, magnets, access, vacuum) NEW INJECTOR AND LINES TANDEM • • • New HEBT to Hall III Charge breeder and dedicated 1+ source MR Mass Spectrometer Transport to ALPI (lenses, bunchers, …) New NC RFQ

SPES Layout: zoom on new building HRMS Target To CB From Cyclotron Wien Filter By-Pass Cooler New EXPERIMENTAL HALL 1+

New experimental halls Target New by‐pass Cyclotron Energy of 1+ Ions From 20 k. V to 40 k. V Experimental halls

SPES Layout: zoom on 3° hall EXPERIMENTAL HALLS MRMS To RFQ CB From HRMS

SPES Layout: zoom on ALPI New CR 21 CR 22 New HEBT to 3° hall Zoomed in in next slide New RFQ injector New Position for PIAVE QWR

SPES Layout: zoom on ALPI low Beta PIAVE QWRs new position 4 m 2 new bunchers 3. 5 m 4 new triplets From 3° hall reshaping A new buncher is also needed near the PIAVE SRFQ

Line 1+ layout: short triplets and 60° bypass. HRMS CB By‐pass Periodic line Input used for 1+ Beam from Target to CB: • Mass 132 A • Voltage 42. 857 k. V (equivalent to A/q=7. 5) • Measured Emittance as simulation input • CEA Trace. Win code • Fields Maps for Electrostatic quads and Wien Filter Halls 1+ 90° analizer dipole

Starting beam from Target Phase: ‐ 180 ; 180 Mass: 132 in a. m. u. Energy: 42. 8 ke. V Gaussian beam in the orthogonal plane and uniform distributed in the longitudinal phase space.

target room 90 deg room bypass periodic structure charge breeder

90° dipole resolution • New quad slits L. Bellan

HRMS physics design DM=2. 5 10‐ 5 1. 3 mm 3 o order effects analysis (LNS‐LNL) Input parameters: Energy= 260 Ke. V D =4 mrad DE= ± 1. 3 e. V Emittance=3 p mm mrad Linear Design Mass resolution: 1/40000 (eng. design: 1/25000) Scaled-up version of CARIBU-HRMS, ANL (USA) Typical voltage fluctuation frequency 200 -300 Hz, <<10 k. Hz Electrostatic Plates to correct the voltage ripple of the H. V. platform 20 cm 10 cm See Talk of A. Russo Plates gap 6 cm, ± 750 V to correct ± 5 V platform ripple

ECR‐type Charge Breeder • CB based on ECR technique • Developed by LPSC (LEA‐COLLIGA coll. ) • Design 2013, construction 2014 130 90 74 90 Mass Range 132 ………. . 81 91 138 134 98 94 99 80 82 92 34 ION Q Xe 20+ (21+) Sn 21+ Sr 14+ Kr 16+(18+) Y 14+ Zn 10+ Ga 11+ Rb 17+ Ar 8+(9+) Efficiency [%] 10, 9 (6, 2) 6 3. 5 12(8, 5) 3. 3 2. 8 2 7. 50 16, 2(11, 5) Year Data Source 2012 (2005) 2005 2013 2002 2013 2012 (2013) A. Galata (M/q)_min 6. 57 6. 19 7 5. 22 6. 43 7. 40 7. 36 5. 29 3. 78 (M/q)_max 6. 90 6. 38 7 5. 88 7. 07 8. 00 7. 45 5. 41 4. 25

SPES Layout 3° Hall ALPI PIAVE TANDEM Transport Line from CB to RFQ: the new ALPI injector Cyclotron

Transport Line to SPES RFQ Mass Separator MRMS CB RFQ Magnetic Line with Magnets and Solenoids Tape System Stable ECR ion source 1+ Stable Source

Beam Optics of Transport line from CB to RFQ MRMS Magnetic Line RFQ Losses

New RFQ Injector for ALPI • • Energy 5. 7 –> 727. 3 ke. V/A [β=0. 0395] (A/q=7) Beam transmission >95% elong, RMS, out = 0. 15 ns*ke. V/u. L=695 cm (7 modules) Intervane voltage 63. 8 – 85. 8 k. V RF power (four vanes) 100 k. W. Mechanical design and realization, similar to the Spiral 2 one, takes advantage of IFMIF experience (LNL, INFN_Pd, Bo, To) for up to 1 m. A A. Pisent Parameter (units) Design Value Operational mode Frequency (MHz) Injection Energy (ke. V/u) CW 80. 00 5. 7 (β=0. 0035) Output Energy (ke. V/u) 727 (β=0. 0395) Accelerated beam current ( A) 100 Charge states of accelerated ions (Q/A) 7 – 3 Inter‐vane voltage V (k. V, A/q=7) Vane length L (m) Average radius R 0 (mm) Synchronous phase (deg. ) Focusing strength B Peak field (Kilpatrick units) Transmission (%) 63. 8 – 85. 84 6. 95 5. 33 – 6. 788 ‐ 90 – ‐ 20 4. 7 – 4 1. 74 95 Output Long. RMS emittance (mmmrad) / 0. 055 / 0. 15 / 4. 35 (ke. Vns/u)/(ke. Vdeg/u) Mechanical layout of the RFQ tank module (≈1 m)

ALPI Layout for SPES 3° Hall ALPI PIAVE TANDEM Cyclotron

ALPI Upgrade foreseen for SPES • • Upgrade on ALPI Layout. Cryogenics and energy upgrade. New HEBT to 3° Hall. Future Magnets upgrade, (20 ‐> 25 T/m) Diagnostics upgrade. Vacuum system and controls. New Alignment system for all the elements.

SC Resonator Improvements on ALPI LOW‐BETA UPGRADE

Example of stable beams PA‐beams with SPES configuration A/q Ion 3 4 5 6 126 Xx 42 126 Xx 31 126 Xx 25 126 Sn 21 Loss es 20% 16% Max. Gradient 20 T/m 17 T/m 20 T/m Field FD 1 1. 043 T 1. 249 T 1. 4146 T 1. 55 T Final Energy (Me. V/A) 20. 8 16. 3 13. 6 11. 7 Fields CRB 4 ‐ 2. 6 MV/m 2. 5 MV/m 1. 3 MV/m

Emax vs A/q graph (at present…) 30 Emax [Me. V/A] 25 12 C 16 O 20 32 S 74 Ge 15 N 48 Ca 92 Zr 64 Zn 15 82 Se 84 Kr 120 Sn 10 20 Ne 36 Ar 5 0 90 Zr 93 Nb 02 03 04 58 Ni 197 Au 100 Mo 132 Xe 05 06 A/q 07 08 09

(and with full E‐Upgrade within SPES…) 30 Emax [Me. V/A] 25 12 C 16 O At present With ALPI in SPES configuration 32 S 20 74 Ge 15 N 48 Ca 64 Zn 92 Zr 84 Kr 82 Se 15 120 Sn 90 Zr 93 Nb 197 Au 100 Mo 10 20 Ne 36 Ar 5 0 02 03 04 58 Ni 132 Xe 05 06 A/q 07 08 09

SPES case for A/q=7 • • • Input energy from new RFQ: 91. 6 Me. V (β=0. 0395) = 0. 727 Me. V/A. Output energy from CR 22: 1297 Me. V (β= 0. 148) around 10 Me. V/A. Input Transverse emittance of 0. 1 mmmrad RMS norm. . Global transmission from CB to Experimental Hall: 0. 95 (RFQ)*0. 95(ALPI)=0. 9=90%. Simulation software: Tracewin with full RF fields Maps for cavities. ALPI Input Phase Space ALPI Output Phase Space

Beam Optics from RFQ to Experimental Hall for A/q=7 Max G=20 T/m RFQ Experimental Hall 5% Losses B. Chalykh

Magnets Sensitivity analysis Max G=19 T/m Experimental Hall RFQ In addition, an upgrade on RF Control is on‐going (M. Bellato) to improve the phase and amplitude precision of ALPI resonators 15% Losses

Energy from SPES Post‐Accelerator as function of A/q Preliminary results from alpi performances with 2 cavities off (margin), Low Beta=5 MV/m, Medium Beta=4. 3 MV/m, High Beta=5. 5 MV/m

Possible A/q as function of Mass PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM CB PERFORMANCES

RIB Energy as function of Mass PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM ALPI and CB PERFORMANCES

Summary • Dynamics and Physical design: stabilized design and errors study in progress • Engineering design of beam line components and RFQ: starting (HRMS and Beam Cooler in R&D phase, pending their funding) • Charge Breeder: construction to be completed at the end of 2014 • ALPI upgrade (cryogenics, new cryomodules, RF systems, diagnostics, new beam line…): on going. People involved on Physical design: M. Comunian L. Bellan B. Chalykh L. Calabretta A. Russo A. Pisent