Update on Inbreeding Herd by Sire Effects and
Update on Inbreeding, Herd by Sire Effects, and New Traits Paul Van. Raden, John Cole, Duane Norman, Mel Tooker, and Jan Wright Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD paul@aipl. arsusda. gov 2005
Topics Ø Inbreeding adjustments Ø Herd by sire interaction variance Ø PTA’s for potential traits of interest • • • Ø Maturity (lactations 1 -3 before 1999, animal model) Persistency (13 mil records, animal model) Age at 1 st calf (1. 1 mil records, 5109 sires) Gestation length (1. 2 mil records, 3451 sires) Milking speed (survey of AI company PTA’s) Definition of productive life NAAB DSEC 2005 (2) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Expected and Actual Inbreeding 1998 Dtrs 2005 Dtrs 1998 Dtr F 2005 Dtr F 1998 EFI 2005 EFI 59 27744 2. 9 4. 1 4. 2 5. 1 Fred 63 24332 3. 2 5. 4 7. 0 6. 6 Rubytom 52 20762 3. 3 4. 6 5. 2 4. 9 Jolt 50 18310 3. 5 5. 0 5. 8 Zebo 55 18115 2. 8 3. 2 3. 7 3. 8 Marty 54 17628 4. 4 5. 2 6. 1 Top 100 Avg 63 8220 3. 2 4. 4 5. 2 5. 3 Bull Winchester NAAB DSEC 2005 (3) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Elite Cows Ø Nov 2004 compared to March 2005 • • Cow F increased from 5. 0% to 5. 2% Cow EFI decreased from 5. 5% to 5. 4 Sample cow EFI = 5. 0% for 600 Holsteins Base EFI (cows born in 2000) – – – Ø 4. 7% +-. 6% for Holsteins 5. 7% +- 1. 0% for Brown Swiss 6. 7% +- 1. 4% for Jerseys EFI in selection and mating programs NAAB DSEC 2005 (4) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Inbreeding of US Daughters (Proven Holstein bulls born since 1994) Bull Origin USA Canada Netherlands France Great Britain Italy Denmark NAAB DSEC 2005 (5) Bulls 8941 355 39 25 8 6 6 Pedigree Compl. Dtr F 99. 9 4. 2 99. 5 4. 3 99. 9 4. 3 99. 4 4. 5 99. 5 4. 5 98. 0 4. 7 100. 0 4. 4 EFI 5. 1 5. 0 4. 8 4. 7 5. 1 5. 6 Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Inbreeding Math Ø Subtract regression (b) from y • • Ø Add expected future inbreeding (EFI) • • • Ø YD 0 = y - m - p - c - b (Fcow) DYD 0 = Σ w (YD 0 - mate PTA 0) / Σ w PTAEFI = PTA 0 + b (EFI - EFIbase) PAEFI = PA 0 + b (EFI - EFIbase) DYDEFI = DYD 0 + b (EFI - EFIbase) Account for F in w and in reliability? NAAB DSEC 2005 (6) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Interactions for Famous Old Bulls (Milk pounds, from Van. Raden et al 1992 JDS 75: 2892) Bull Mars Tony Bell Elevation Astronaut Mars Tony -1430 +79 -871 Bell +79 -1371 +97 Elevation -871 +97 -1560 +174 +344 Astronaut +26 -88 +174 -1250 -400 MGS effect +442 +857 +172 -200 NAAB DSEC 2005 (7) +26 Sire effect +884 -88 +1714 Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Number of Cows per Interaction (from Van. Raden et al 1992 JDS 75: 2892) Mars Tony Bull Mars Tony Bell 18 Bell Elevation Astronaut 811 167 634 13 1997 351 34 4215 Elevation Astronaut NAAB DSEC 2005 (8) (half stored) 35 Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Herd × Sire Var: Daughters / Herd 5% H×S 7% H×S 10% H×S NAAB DSEC 2005 (9) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Maximum Daughters / Herd Trait Yield (new) h 2 30 30 c 2 10 7 p 2 15 18 DPR 4 1 8 98 (new) 4 8 12 4 5 5 5 0 18 25 19 19 PL SCS Maximum 9 12 h 2 = heritability, c 2 = herd by sire interaction, p 2 = permanent environment variance NAAB DSEC 2005 (10) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Age at First Calf: Best Bulls (99% R) Age at 1 st calf (days) -9 Avg. Age (mo) 26 DPR +0. 8 Rudolph -9 26 +2. 1 Indy -8 26 +0. 1 Duster -7 26 +2. 2 Sand -7 26 - 0. 5 Spencer -7 27 0. 0 Top Gun -7 27 +1. 7 Bull Merv NAAB DSEC 2005 (11) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Age at First Calf: Worst Bulls (99% R) Age at 1 st calf (days) +9 Avg. Age (mo) 27 DPR +2. 0 Marksman +8 27 - 1. 3 Skybuck +8 27 +1. 2 Activate +7 27 - 2. 7 Man +7 27 - 2. 0 Sandwater +7 27 +1. 6 Choice +7 27 - 1. 1 Bull Raider NAAB DSEC 2005 (12) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Longest Gestation Length (as trait of daughters, 99% REL bulls) Bull Stylist Gestation Length 2. 1 Sire Daughter C. Ease 10 13 Dixie 1. 9 8 9 Manager 1. 8 8 11 Benefit 1. 8 8 11 Mark Star 1. 7 9 8 Caveman 1. 7 9 10 Mandel 1. 7 9 9 NAAB DSEC 2005 (13) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Shortest Gestation Length (as trait of daughters, 99% REL bulls) Bull Echo Gestation Sire C. Daughter Length Ease C. Ease - 2. 4 5 8 Script - 2. 3 7 7 Goliath - 2. 0 7 10 Magician - 2. 0 7 11 Elite - 2. 0 6 5 Wine - 1. 9 5 9 Billy - 1. 9 5 9 NAAB DSEC 2005 (14) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
High Maturity PTA Bulls (500 dtrs by 1999 and 5000 dtrs by 2005) Bull Langs Cash Whamo Black Jack Labelle Horton Mich NAAB DSEC 2005 (15) Milk Maturity PTA 1, 2, 3 – 1 +619 +510 PTA Milk +462 +16 PTA PL 1. 1 2. 8 +395 +372 +361 +358 -492 -935 +611 -492 -605 2. 1. 6. 8 -. 9. 1 Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Low Maturity PTA Bulls (500 dtrs by 1999 and 5000 dtrs by 2005) Bull Mason Bellwood Mascot Mister Bova Jackpot Nick Emory NAAB DSEC 2005 (16) Milk Maturity PTA 1, 2, 3 – 1 Milk -453 +27 -436 +1085 -397 -369 -335 -290 -179 -32 -529 -586 +497 PTA PL -1. 1 -. 8 -3. 3 +. 6 -. 9 -. 1 +. 1 Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
PTA Persistency of Top Net Merit Bulls (99% REL) Bull R Boone JC Fagan BW Marshall Orion Addison Mtoto Manfred NAAB DSEC 2005 (17) Protein Persistency -. 17 +. 14 -. 23 -. 18 -. 10 -. 13 +. 14 NM$ 522 426 DPR - 0. 5 +2. 9 425 404 403 397 375 - 2. 0 +0. 1 - 2. 1 +0. 9 +2. 0 Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Cow with Average Persistency NAAB DSEC 2005 (18) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Highest Cow Persistency NAAB DSEC 2005 (19) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Lowest Cow Persistency NAAB DSEC 2005 (20) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Milking Speed Survey Ø Current US AI evaluations • • Ø Select Sires: 1 -9 scale Genex CRI: 1 -9 scale Accelerated Genetics: 1 -5 scale Alta Genetics: actual time, 4. 5 +-. 2 Milking speed in foreign indexes • DNK 6%, AUS 3%, CAN <1% NAAB DSEC 2005 (21) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Current PL Credits 140 Percent Credit 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 YEARS NAAB DSEC 2005 (22) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Possible PL Credits 140 Percent Credit 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 YEARS NAAB DSEC 2005 (23) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Proposed PL Credits Month of Lactation Lac 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 . 80 . 88 . 89 . 85 . 80 . 74 . 68 . 62 2 1. 15 1. 13 1. 06 . 96 . 84 . 73 . 67 . 60 3+ 1. 22 1. 20 1. 13 1. 02 . 89 . 76 . 69 . 62 1 NAAB DSEC 2005 (24) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
Productive Life Research Ø Upper limits on lactation length and age can be removed Ø New projection factors derived Ø 36 month PL vs final PL • • Genetic correlation =. 87 Genetic corr with protein. 14 vs. 00 – – – Has declined rapidly in recent years Phenotypic correlations are fairly stable Adjustment for yield may be needed NAAB DSEC 2005 (25) Van. Raden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005
- Slides: 25