Unlocking Medical Terminology Second Edition CHAPTER 8 The

Multimedia Directory Slide 17 Slide 20 Slide 29 Slide 33 Middle Ear Animation The

Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: – Define and

Learning Objectives (cont. ) After completing this chapter, you will be able to: –

The Ears • Sensory receptors – Respond to mechanical vibrations, interpreted by brain as

Prefixes • a-, an- = without, absence of • hyper- = excessive, abnormally high,

Combining Forms • • acou/o, acoust/o = hearing aud/o, audi/o = hearing aur/o =

Combining Forms (cont. ) • • neur/o = nerve ot/o = ear presby/o =

Suffixes • • -acusis, -cusis = hearing condition -algia = pain -ectomy = surgical

Suffixes (cont. ) • • -oma = abnormal swelling, tumor -osis = condition of

Anatomy and Physiology • Each ear has three portions – Outer: Auricles and external

Anatomy and Physiology (cont. ) • Each ear has three portions – Inner (the

Figure 8. 1 Anatomy of the ear Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd

Outer Ear • Auricles – Collect sound waves and direct them to the external

Middle Ear • Consists of – Tympanic membrane—eardrum – Ossicles—series of small bones •

Figure 8. 2 Tympanic membrane Source: Phototake NYC. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce

Middle Ear Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the middle

Inner Ear • Consists of a series of winding, twisting channels within the temporal

Word Roots • • • aud, audi = hearing aur = ear labyrinth =

The Ear Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the anatomy

Symptoms and Signs • Anacusis – Total hearing loss • Hyperacusis – Overly sensitive

Symptoms and Signs (cont. ) • Otorrhea – Abnormal drainage from the ear •

Diseases and Disorders • Acoustic neuroma – A benign tumor that arises from the

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Mastoiditis – Inflammation of the mastoid process and

Figure 8. 3 Myringitis Source: Professor Tony Wright, Institute of Laryngology and Otology/SPL/Photo Researchers,

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Otitis externa – Inflammation of the external auditory

Figure 8. 4 Otitis media Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright ©

Figure 8. 4 (continued) Otitis media Source: Janet Hayes/Medical Images, Inc. Unlocking Medical Terminology,

Otitis Media Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Otosclerosis – Abnormal formation of bone between the

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices • Acoumetry – A procedure that measures hearing using an

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Audiology – The study of hearing disorders

Audiology Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of

Figure 8. 5 Audiometry Source: Merrill Education. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Labyrinthectomy – Excision of the labyrinth from

Figure 8. 6 Labyrinthectomy Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Myringoplasty – Surgical repair of the tympanic

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Otorhinolaryngologist – A physician who specializes in

Figure 8. 7 Otoscopy Source: Pearson Education Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Stapedectomy – Excision of the stapes –

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Tympanometry – A procedure that evaluates tympanic

Pharmaceuticals • • Antibiotic solutions Antiemetics Anti-inflammatory otics Cerumen emulsifiers Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second

Abbreviations • • • AD AS AU ENT EENT Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition

Abbreviations (cont. ) • OM • Oto • TM Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition

Classroom Response System Pretest Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011

The combining form meaning a maze or inner ear is: A. labyrinth/o B. tympan/o

The combining form meaning ear is: A. mast/o B. ot/o C. staped/o D. aud/o

The suffix that means a hearing condition is: A. -acusis B. -itis C. -rrhagia

What part of the ear houses the hearing organ of Cor ti? A. semicircular

What auditory ossicle contacts the tympanic membrane? A. malleus B. incus C. stapes D.

Classroom Response System Post-test Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011

What term refers to inflammation of the ear? A. otorrhea B. otalgia C. otitis

What term best describes a ringing in the ears? A. otalgia B. otitis C.

What term means partial hearing loss? A. otorrhea B. paracusis C. otalgia D. anacusis

Inflammation of the inner ear is known as: A. mastoiditis B. otitis externa C.

Hearing impairment resulting from old age is called: A. presbyopia B. presbyacusis C. otosclerosis

What is the study of hearing disorders called? A. audiology B. otology C. tympanometry

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Unlocking Medical Terminology Second Edition CHAPTER 8 The Special Senses: The Ears Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Multimedia Directory Slide 17 Slide 20 Slide 29 Slide 33 Middle Ear Animation The Ear Animation Otitis Media Video Audiology Video Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: – Define and spell the word parts used to create medical terms for the ears – Identify the parts of the ears and describe their structure and function – Define common medical terms used for the ears Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives (cont. ) After completing this chapter, you will be able to: – Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices for the ears Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Ears • Sensory receptors – Respond to mechanical vibrations, interpreted by brain as sound – Respond to body movement by providing a sense of equilibrium and body position Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Prefixes • a-, an- = without, absence of • hyper- = excessive, abnormally high, above • para- = near, alongside, departure from normal Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms • • acou/o, acoust/o = hearing aud/o, audi/o = hearing aur/o = ear labyrinth/o = maze, inner ear laryng/o = voice box, larynx mast/o = breast myring/o = membrane, eardrum Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms (cont. ) • • neur/o = nerve ot/o = ear presby/o = old age rhin/o = nose salping/o = tube staped/o = stirrup, stapes tympan/o = eardrum Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes • • -acusis, -cusis = hearing condition -algia = pain -ectomy = surgical excision, removal -itis = inflammation -logist = one who studies -logy = study of -metry = measurement -oid = resembling Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes (cont. ) • • -oma = abnormal swelling, tumor -osis = condition of -otomy = cutting into, incision -plasty = surgical repair -rrhagia = bleeding, hemorrhage -rrhea = discharge (of fluid) -scope = viewing instrument -scopy = process of viewing Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Anatomy and Physiology • Each ear has three portions – Outer: Auricles and external auditory canal – Middle: Tympanic membrane (eardrum), and ossicles (small bones) in tympanic cavity § Malleus (or hammer) § Incus (or anvil) § Stapes (or stirrup) Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Anatomy and Physiology (cont. ) • Each ear has three portions – Inner (the labyrinth) § Cochlea § Vestibule § Semicircular canals Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Outer Ear • Auricles – Collect sound waves and direct them to the external auditory canal • External auditory canal – Specialized glands secrete earwax (cerumen) – Channels sound waves to the eardrum (entrance to the middle ear) Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Middle Ear • Consists of – Tympanic membrane—eardrum – Ossicles—series of small bones • Tympanic cavity—receives distal opening of the eustachian tube, which begins at the throat Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Middle Ear Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the middle ear. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Inner Ear • Consists of a series of winding, twisting channels within the temporal bone • These channels are lined with a membrane and form three structures – Cochlea – Vestibule – Semicircular canals Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Word Roots • • • aud, audi = hearing aur = ear labyrinth = maze, inner ear mast = breast tympan = eardrum Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Ear Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the anatomy of the ear. The animation may take a moment to begin playing. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symptoms and Signs • Anacusis – Total hearing loss • Hyperacusis – Overly sensitive hearing • Otalgia – Pain in the ear, or earache • Otorrhagia – Bleeding, or hemorrhage, from the ear Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symptoms and Signs (cont. ) • Otorrhea – Abnormal drainage from the ear • Paracusis – Partial loss or impaired hearing • Tinnitus – A ringing or buzzing sensation in the ears • Vertigo – A sensation of dizziness Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders • Acoustic neuroma – A benign tumor that arises from the auditory nerve – May cause hearing impairment • Cerumen impaction – Excessive buildup of earwax in the external auditory canal • Labyrinthitis – Inflammation of the labyrinth Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Mastoiditis – Inflammation of the mastoid process and associated tissues • Meniere’s disease – A chronic disease of the inner ear that includes dizziness and ringing in the ears • Myringitis – Inflammation of the eardrum – Also called tympanitis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 8. 3 Myringitis Source: Professor Tony Wright, Institute of Laryngology and Otology/SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Otitis externa – Inflammation of the external auditory canal • Otitis media – Inflammation of the middle ear • Otopathy – Any disease of the ear Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 8. 4 (continued) Otitis media Source: Janet Hayes/Medical Images, Inc. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Otitis Media Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of otitis media. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Otosclerosis – Abnormal formation of bone between the stapes and the oval window – Causes a progressive loss of hearing • Presbyacusis – Hearing impairment that is associated with old age Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices • Acoumetry – A procedure that measures hearing using an instrument called an acoumeter • Audiologist – One who specializes in hearing disorders and treatment Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Audiology – The study of hearing disorders • Audiometry – A procedure that measures hearing using an audiometer – A recording of the measurement is called an audiogram Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Audiology Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of audiology. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Labyrinthectomy – Excision of the labyrinth from the temporal bone • Mastoidectomy – Excision of the mastoid process • Mastoidotomy – Incision into the mastoid process Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Myringoplasty – Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane • Myringotomy – Incision into the tympanic membrane, usually to release pus and relieve pressure in the middle ear • Otology – The medical field of ear disorders and treatment Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Otorhinolaryngologist – A physician who specializes in the treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders • Otorhinolaryngology – The field of medicine that manages disorders of the ear, nose, and throat • Otoscopy – A visual examination of the ear using a handheld device called an otoscope Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Stapedectomy – Excision of the stapes – Often performed to restore hearing and may involve replacement of the stapes with a prosthesis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Tympanometry – A procedure that evaluates tympanic membrane elasticity by measuring its movement with an instrument called a tympanometer • Tympanoplasty – Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Pharmaceuticals • • Antibiotic solutions Antiemetics Anti-inflammatory otics Cerumen emulsifiers Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The combining form meaning a maze or inner ear is: A. labyrinth/o B. tympan/o C. myring/o D. aur/o Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The suffix that means a hearing condition is: A. -acusis B. -itis C. -rrhagia D. -rrhea Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What part of the ear houses the hearing organ of Cor ti? A. semicircular canals B. cochlea C. vestibule D. cornea Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What auditory ossicle contacts the tympanic membrane? A. malleus B. incus C. stapes D. round window Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What term refers to inflammation of the ear? A. otorrhea B. otalgia C. otitis D. otosclerosia Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What term best describes a ringing in the ears? A. otalgia B. otitis C. otorrhea D. tinnitus Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What term means partial hearing loss? A. otorrhea B. paracusis C. otalgia D. anacusis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Inflammation of the inner ear is known as: A. mastoiditis B. otitis externa C. myringitis D. labyrinthitis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hearing impairment resulting from old age is called: A. presbyopia B. presbyacusis C. otosclerosis D. otitis media Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What is the study of hearing disorders called? A. audiology B. otology C. tympanometry D. optometry Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.