Unlocking Medical Terminology Second Edition CHAPTER 10 The

Unlocking Medical Terminology Second Edition CHAPTER 10 The Cardiovascular System Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Multimedia Directory Slide 21 Slide 22 Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 38 Slide 43 Slide 55 Slide 60 Slide 69 Slide 102 Heart Animation Cardiac Cycle Animation Atrial Contraction Animation Ventricular Contraction Animation Heart Chambers Animation Angina Video Dysrhythmia Video Coronary Artery Disease Animation Heart Attack Video Pericarditis Animation Electrocardiogram Video Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: – Define and spell the word parts used to create medical terms for the cardiovascular system – Identify the organs of the cardiovascular system and describe their structure and function – Define common medical terms used for the cardiovascular system Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives (cont. ) After completing this chapter, you will be able to: – Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices for the cardiovascular system Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Cardiovascular System • Circulates blood throughout the body • If oxygen and nutrients or removal of waste materials is reduced or cut off for even a few minutes, the affected cells may die • A disease or disorder of the cardiovascular system can pose life-threatening risks Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Prefixes • • brady- = slow endo- = within epi- = upon, over, above, on top inter- = between peri- = around tachy- = rapid, fast tetra- = four Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms • • • angi/o = blood vessel aort/o = aorta arter/o, arteri/o = artery ather/o = fat atri/o = atrium Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms (cont. ) • • • card/o, cardi/o = heart coron/o = crown, circle, heart cyan/o = blue ech/o = to bounce, sound electr/o = electricity Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms (cont. ) • • • embol/o = a plug hemorrh/o = likely to bleed isch/o = to hold back, deficiency, blockage man/o = thin my/o, myos/o = muscle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms (cont. ) • • • pector/o = chest phleb/o = vein pulmon/o = lung rrhythm/o = repetition, rhythm scler/o = thick, hard; sclera Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms (cont. ) • • • sept/o = wall, partition sphygm/o = pulse sten/o = narrowness, constriction steth/o = chest tens/o = pressure thromb/o = clot Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms (cont. ) • • • valvul/o = little valve varic/o = dilated vein vas/o = blood vessel vascul/o = small blood vessel ven/o = vein ventricul/o = little belly, cavity, ventricle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes • • -ac = pertaining to -apheresis = removal -ary = pertaining to -dynia = pain Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes (cont. ) • • • -gram = a record -graph = instrument for recording -is = pertaining to -lytic = pertaining to loosen, dissolve -megaly = abnormally large Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes (cont. ) -rrhaphy = suturing -rrhexis = rupture -sis = state of -spasm = sudden, involuntary muscle contraction • -stomy = surgical creation of an opening • • Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Anatomy and Physiology • Cardiovascular system is composed of – heart – blood vessels § arteries, veins, and capillaries Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 1 The cardiovascular system Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Heart • Fist-sized, hollow, muscular pump located in thoracic cavity • Pericardial sac or parietal pericardium – Thick membrane – External covering of heart • Epicardium or visceral pericardium – Thinner membrane – Outer surface of heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 2 Location of the heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Heart (cont. ) • Heart wall consists of – Myocardium – Endocardium § Lines four heart chambers • Atria: Receive incoming blood • Ventricles: Push blood out of heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Heart Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the heart. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cardiac Cycle Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the cardiac cycle. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Atrial Contraction Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on atrial contraction. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ventricular Contraction Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on ventricular contraction. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Heart Chambers Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the chambers of the heart. The animation may take a moment to begin playing. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 3 External anatomy of the heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 4 Internal anatomy of the heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Heart (cont. ) • Blood flows through the heart from the atria to the ventricles • This one-way flow is maintained by the atrioventricular (AV) valves – Mitral valve or bicuspid valve on left side – Tricuspid valve on right side Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Heart (cont. ) • Blood pumped from the ventricles passes through the semilunar (SL) valves – SL valves mark the junction between the two ventricles and the two major arteries § Pulmonary trunk on right side • Right and left pulmonary arteries carry blood to lungs § Aorta on left side • Largest vessel of the body • Carries blood from left ventricle to every part of body (except lungs) Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Heart (cont. ) • Pulmonary circulation – Blood circulation associated with the lungs • Systemic circulation – The blood flow from the left ventricle, through the body, and back to the right atrium • Coronary circulation – A small branch of the aorta carries blood to the heart, beginning a local circulatory loop supplying the heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Heart (cont. ) • Cardiac cycle: Contraction and relaxation of ventricles – Systole: Contraction phase – Diastole: Relaxation phase • Cardiac output – The volume of blood that enters the systemic circulation from the aorta with each heartbeat in one minute Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Blood Vessels • Three main types – Arteries – carry blood away from the heart – Veins – carry blood toward the heart – Capillaries – microscopic blood vessels between arteries and veins § Allow passage of nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide between blood and body cells Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 5 The structure of blood vessels Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Word Roots • • • aort = aorta arter = artery atri = atrium card, cardi = heart coron = crown or circle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Word Roots (cont. ) • • cusp = point diast = to expand pulmon = lung syst = contraction Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Word Roots (cont. ) • • vas = blood vessel vascul = little blood vessel ven = vein ventricul = little belly or cavity Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symptoms and Signs • Angina pectoris – Chest pain usually caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart • Angiospasm – Abnormal contractions of a blood vessel wall Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Angina Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of angina. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symptoms and Signs (cont. ) • Angiostenosis – Narrowing of a blood vessel • Arrhythmia – Any loss of rhythm in the heartbeat Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symptoms and Signs (cont. ) • Bradycardia – An abnormally slow heart rate, usually under 50 beats per minute • Cardiodynia – A sensation of pain in the heart • Cardiogenic – A condition that originates in the heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symptoms and Signs (cont. ) • Cardiomegaly – Abnormal enlargement of the heart • Cyanosis – Blue coloration of the skin and mucous membranes – Caused by oxygen deficiency Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symptoms and Signs (cont. ) • Dysrhythmia – A disturbance or abnormality of the heart’s normal rhythmic cycle • Palpitation – An experience of pounding, racing, or skipping of the heartbeat • Tachycardia – A fast heartbeat Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Dysrhythmia Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of dysrhythmia. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders • Aneurysm – Bulging of an arterial wall • Angiocarditis – Inflammation of the heart and blood vessels • Angioma – Tumor that arises from a blood vessel Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 6 Aneurysm Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Arteriorrhexis – Rupture of an artery • Arteriosclerosis – Hardening of the arteries • Atherosclerosis – Narrowing of an artery due to fatty plaque along the internal wall Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 7 Atherosclerosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 7 (continued) Atherosclerosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Atrial septal defect – Congenital condition that allows blood to pass between the atria due to opening in septum • Atrioventricular defect – Defect, usually congenital, that alters the structure of both an atrium and a ventricle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Cardiac arrest – Cessation of heart activity • Cardiac tamponade – Acute compression of heart due to fluid accumulation within the pericardial cavity • Cardiomyopathy – A general disease of the heart muscle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Cardiovalvulitis – Inflammation of the heart valves • Claudication – A limp when walking, caused by poor circulation • Coarctation of the aorta – Congenital disease in which the aorta is narrowed; causes reduced systemic circulation and fluid accumulation in the lungs Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Congestive heart failure – Chronic condition characterized by § inability of left ventricle to pump enough blood to adequately supply systemic tissues – Abbreviated CHF – Also called left ventricular failure Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Cor pulmonale – Literally “heart lung” in French – Chronic enlargement of right ventricle results from congestion within the pulmonary circulation – Also called right ventricular failure Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Coronary artery disease – Generalized condition of the heart’s arteries – Characterized by reduction of blood flow to the heart wall – Most common cause is atherosclerosis – Abbreviated CAD Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Coronary Artery Disease Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on coronary artery disease. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Coronary occlusion – Blockage of an artery that supplies the heart – Often due to atherosclerosis • Deep vein thrombosis – The abnormal presence of stationary blood clots within the deep veins of the leg – Abbreviated DVT Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Embolism – Blood clot or foreign particle (including air or fat) that moves through the circulation – Can produce a severe circulatory restriction when it becomes lodged in an artery • Endocarditis – Inflammation of the endocardium – A common cause is a bacterial infection Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 8 Endocarditis Source: M. English/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Fibrillation – Uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the ventricles or atria • Heart attack – Abbreviated HA – Also called myocardial infarction (MI) Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Heart Attack Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of heart attacks. The video may take a moment to begin playing. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Heart block – An interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart – Often the result of a sudden reduction of blood flow • Heart flutter – Extremely rapid, but regular, contractions of the heart – Either atrial or ventricular Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Heart murmur – An abnormal soft, blowing, or rasping sound heard through auscultation of the heart • Hemorrhoids – Varicose vein in the anal region – Produces symptoms of local pain and itching Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Hypertension – Persistently high blood pressure – Includes § essential hypertension • condition is not traceable to a single cause § secondary hypertension • caused by the effects of another disease, such as atherosclerosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Hypotension – Chronic condition of low blood pressure • Ischemia – An abnormally low flow of blood to tissues Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Myocardial infarction – Acute episode in which part of the myocardium is deprived of blood flow leading to tissue death (infarction) – Abbreviated MI – Also known as a heart attack (HA) Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 9 Myocardial infarction Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Myocarditis – Inflammation of the myocardium • Patent ductus arteriosus – Congenital condition characterized by an opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, allowing blood to pass across Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Pericarditis – Inflammation of the pericardium • Phlebitis – Inflammation of a vein • Polyarteritis – Inflammation of an artery at numerous sites Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Pericarditis Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on pericarditis. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Tetralogy of Fallot – Four congenital defects associated with the heart combined § § Pulmonary valve stenosis Ventricular septal defect Incorrect position of the aorta Right ventricular hypertrophy – As a result, the pulmonary circuit is bypassed Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Thromboangiitis obliterans – Vascular inflammatory disease that usually affects the lower extremities – Also called Buerger’s disease • Thrombosis – The presence of a stationary blood clot within a blood vessel Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Diseases and Disorders (cont. ) • Varicosis – A condition of an abnormally dilated vein • Ventricular septal defect – An opening in the septum that allows blood to pass between the right and left ventricles Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 10 Varicosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 10 (continued) Varicosis Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, MD. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices • Aneurysmectomy – Surgical removal of an aneurysm • Angiogram – A recording of an x-ray of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Angioplasty – General surgical repair of a blood vessel – Includes procedures to reopen blocked vessels, such as: § balloon angioplasty § laser angioplasty Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 11 Balloon angioplasty Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Angiorrhaphy – Suturing a blood vessel to close an incision • Angioscopy – Use of an endoscope to observe a diseased blood vessel – Also includes use of a camera, video recorder, and monitor Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Aortogram – A recording of an x-ray of the aorta • Arteriogram – A recording of an x-ray of a particular artery • Arteriotomy – An incision into an artery Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Atherectomy – Surgical removal of a fatty plaque within a blood vessel • Auscultation – Physical examination that consists of listening to internal sounds using a stethoscope Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 12 Auscultation Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Cardiac catheterization – Inserting a flexible catheter into a brachial or femoral artery and threading it into the heart – Used to § obtain blood samples and pressures § detect coronary artery disease (CAD) – Most reliable test for diagnosing CAD Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 13 Cardiac catheterization Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Cardiac pacemaker – Battery-powered device that replaces the pacemaking function of the SA node • Cardiologist – Physician who specializes in the treatment of patients with heart disease Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 14 Cardiac pacemaker Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 14 (continued) Cardiac pacemaker Source: Photo Researchers Inc. /Science Photo Library. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Cardiology – Field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of patients with heart disease – Also a department within a hospital where heart disease patients receive care Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Emergency response procedure to revive a patient – Includes artificial ventilation and external heart massage – Abbreviated CPR • Coronary angiogram – A recording of an x-ray of the heart’s circulation Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Coronary artery bypass graft – Surgical procedure which usually involves harvesting a blood vessel from another part of the body, attaching one end to the aorta and the other end just below the blockage – Abbreviated CABG Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 15 Coronary artery bypass graft Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Coronary stent – A metallic scaffold that is implanted in a coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 16 Coronary stent Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Defibrillation – Electrical charge to the heart in an effort to stop fibrillation of the heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 17 Defibrillation Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Doppler sonography – Ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow through a blood vessel Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 18 Doppler sonography Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Echocardiography – Ultrasound procedure to evaluate heart anomalies – Recorded data is called an echocardiogram Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Electrocardiography – Procedure which evaluates the electrical events associated with the beating of the heart – Abbreviated ECG or EKG Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 19 Electrocardiography Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 19 (continued) Electrocardiography Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 19 (continued) Electrocardiography Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Electrocardiogram Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of electrocardiogram. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Back to Directory Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Embolectomy – Surgical removal of a floating blood clot, or embolus • Endarterectomy – Surgical removal of a fatty plaque or a blood clot from the interior of an artery • Hemorrhoidectomy – Surgical removal of hemorrhoids Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Holter ambulatory monitor – Portable electrocardiograph worn by the patient – Records electrical activity of the heart over 24 hour periods • Magnetic resonance angiography – Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and coronary blood vessels Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan – Test in which blood flow to cardiac cells is monitored • Nuclear medicine imaging of the heart – Visualization of the heart following administration of radioactive isotopes to aid in diagnosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Pericardiostomy – Surgical creation of an opening in the pericardial sac, usually to relieve pressure that results from pericarditis or cardiac tamponade • Phlebectomy – Excision (surgical removal) of a vein Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Phlebotomy – Incision or puncture of a vein to draw blood – Technician: phlebotomist • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan – Procedure that provides blood-flow images using PET-scan techniques with radioactiveisotope labeling Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Sphygmomanometry – Procedure that measures arterial blood pressure using a device called a sphygmomanometer Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10. 20 Sphygmomanometry Source: Photo Researchers, Inc. Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Thrombolytic therapy – Treatments that dissolve blood clots, or thrombi – This treatment is often applied within 6 hours of an MI, if possible Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont. ) • Valvuloplasty – Surgical repair of a heart valve • Venogram – A recording of an x-ray of a vein Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Pharmaceuticals • • • ACE inhibitors Antiarrhythmics Anticoagulants Antilipidemics Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Pharmaceuticals (cont. ) • • • Cardiotonics Diuretics Thrombolytics Vasoconstrictors Vasodilators Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abbreviations • • ASD AV BP CABG CAD CHF CPR Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Abbreviations (cont. ) • • DVT ECG, EKG HHD MI MRA SA SL Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Classroom Response System Pretest Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form angi/o mean? A. blood vessel B. artery C. valve D. heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form angi/o mean? A. blood vessel B. artery C. valve D. heart Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form my/o mean? A. heart B. artery C. valve D. muscle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form my/o mean? A. heart B. artery C. valve D. muscle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form cardi/o mean? A. valve B. artery C. heart D. muscle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form cardi/o mean? A. valve B. artery C. heart D. muscle Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the prefix bradymean? A. below B. fast C. slow D. between Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the prefix bradymean? A. below B. fast C. slow D. between Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the prefix tachymean? A. back B. fast C. slow D. across Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the prefix tachymean? A. back B. fast C. slow D. across Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the suffix -sis mean? A. state of B. condition of pain C. large D. pertaining to Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the suffix -sis mean? A. state of B. condition of pain C. large D. pertaining to Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the suffix -megaly mean? A. small B. large C. condition of D. pertaining to Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the suffix -megaly mean? A. small B. large C. condition of D. pertaining to Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to a symptom of a blue tinge to the skin? A. cardiomegaly B. cardiodynia C. cyanosis D. palpitation Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to a symptom of a blue tinge to the skin? A. cardiomegaly B. cardiodynia C. cyanosis D. palpitation Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to pain associated with the heart? A. cardiodynia B. cardiomegaly C. cardiogenic D. tachycardia Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to pain associated with the heart? A. cardiodynia B. cardiomegaly C. cardiogenic D. tachycardia Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to a rapid heart rate? A. cardiogenic B. cardiomegaly C. bradycardia D. tachycardia Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to a rapid heart rate? A. cardiogenic B. cardiomegaly C. bradycardia D. tachycardia Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Classroom Response System Post-test Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to inflammation of the heart and blood vessels? A. aneurysm B. angiocarditis C. angioma D. aortic stenosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to inflammation of the heart and blood vessels? A. aneurysm B. angiocarditis C. angioma D. aortic stenosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to an abnormal bulging of an arterial wall? A. aneurysm B. angiocarditis C. angioma D. aortic stenosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to an abnormal bulging of an arterial wall? A. aneurysm B. angiocarditis C. angioma D. aortic stenosis Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to a tumor arising from a blood vessel? A. aneurysm B. aortic stenosis C. angiocarditis D. angioma Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to a tumor arising from a blood vessel? A. aneurysm B. aortic stenosis C. angiocarditis D. angioma Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to cessation of heart activity? A. cardiac tamponade B. cardiac arrest C. atriomegaly D. AV block Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following refers to cessation of heart activity? A. cardiac tamponade B. cardiac arrest C. atriomegaly D. AV block Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form pector/o mean? A. heart B. muscle C. chest D. artery Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form pector/o mean? A. heart B. muscle C. chest D. artery Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the prefix endomean? A. excessive B. deficient C. around D. within Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the prefix endomean? A. excessive B. deficient C. around D. within Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the suffix -emia mean? A. pertaining to B. condition of blood C. process D. large Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the suffix -emia mean? A. pertaining to B. condition of blood C. process D. large Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following is a condition in which an artery wall becomes narrowed and weakened? A. atherosclerosis B. arteriosclerosis C. cardiomegaly D. aneurysm Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following is a condition in which an artery wall becomes narrowed and weakened? A. atherosclerosis B. arteriosclerosis C. cardiomegaly D. aneurysm Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following is a condition in which fatty plaques form along the inner walls of the arteries? A. atherosclerosis B. arteriosclerosis C. cardiomegaly D. aneurysm Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Which of the following is a condition in which fatty plaques form along the inner walls of the arteries? A. atherosclerosis B. arteriosclerosis C. cardiomegaly D. aneurysm Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form phleb/o mean? A. heart B. artery C. vein D. valve Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does the combining form phleb/o mean? A. heart B. artery C. vein D. valve Unlocking Medical Terminology, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.