University of Kurdistan Food Quality Evaluation Methods FQEM

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University of Kurdistan Food Quality Evaluation Methods (FQEM) Lecture 1: An Introduction to FQEM

University of Kurdistan Food Quality Evaluation Methods (FQEM) Lecture 1: An Introduction to FQEM Instructor: Kaveh Mollazade, Ph. D. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IRAN.

Contents • This lecture will cover: – Why is quality evaluation of food material

Contents • This lecture will cover: – Why is quality evaluation of food material important? – Measuring parameters regarding energy sources for the evaluation of food quality – Technologies for the detection of biological and chemical risk factors – Some examples …. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 1

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Evaluation of food quality and

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Evaluation of food quality and safety is essential to fresh foods such as meat, fruits and vegetables, as well as processed foods. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 2

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Food quality and safety encompasses

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Food quality and safety encompasses both pre-harvest and post-harvest processes. Post-harvest example Pre-harvest example Wu, Q. , Zhu, D. , Wang, C. , Ma, Z. , and Wang, J. 2013. Recognition of wheat preharvest sprouting based on hyperspectral imaging. Optical Engineering, 51(11): http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1117/1. OE. 51. 111710. De Marchi, M. 2013. On-line prediction of beef quality traits using near infrared spectroscopy. Meat Science, 94: 455 -460. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 3

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Currently, one of the most

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Currently, one of the most important concerns to food customers is related to the reliability of food. q For instance, it is formed when customers consume a food product over a long-term period. q In addition, when trustworthy companies release new products, they can acquire reliability through an indirect route that is not dependent on the food product itself, but rather the reputation of the company that released the product. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 4

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Furthermore, through advertisement, which is

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Furthermore, through advertisement, which is provided through several types of media, including broadcasting, newspapers, or Internet, customers may develop reliability on products. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 5

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q However, reliability on food products

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q However, reliability on food products can also be acquired through numeric values that reliably measure the product’s quality and safety. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 6

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q On the other hand, several

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q On the other hand, several worldwide countries have implemented product liability (PL). q The most important factor to PL is that accurate and objective data about the quality of products be provided. q In the case of food products, when PL is implemented through a quantitative assessment of its quality, measurements that are reliable to both the manufacturers and customers are provided. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 7

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Accordingly, a quantitative assessment of

The role of food quality and safety evaluation q Accordingly, a quantitative assessment of the quality and safety of food products is considered highly important from the perspective of both the manufacturers and customers. q In this course, new emerging technologies for the quantitative assessment of the quality and safety of food products, which has recently been of increasing interest, will be introduced. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 8

Measuring parameters related to energy sources q For the quantitative assessment of the quality

Measuring parameters related to energy sources q For the quantitative assessment of the quality of food products, an understanding of the energy sources needed to assess certain quality factors is mandatory. q The physicochemical properties of foods are too diverse to be explained by only one or two factors. q Foods mainly have a solid, a liquid, and a semisolid phase, and their constitutions and structure are very complex. Accordingly, the appropriate technology should be selectively introduced for the quantitative assessment of the corresponding quality factors. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 9

Measuring parameters related to energy sources Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering

Measuring parameters related to energy sources Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 10

Measurement for biological and chemical risk factors q For the effective evaluation of food

Measurement for biological and chemical risk factors q For the effective evaluation of food safety, methods for quantitatively measuring the biological and chemical risk factors are needed. q On a laboratory level, many methods that can quantitatively measure biological detrimental factors and chemical factors through cell culture and fine instrumental analysis have already been introduced. q Nevertheless, these methods require several hours to days, and the specimens must be subjected to pretreatment steps. There are gradually increasing demands for technologies that can quantitatively measure factors on location. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 11

Measurement for biological and chemical risk factors Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems

Measurement for biological and chemical risk factors Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 12

Examples: NIR spectroscopy Craig, A. P. , Franca, A. S. , Oliveira, L. S.

Examples: NIR spectroscopy Craig, A. P. , Franca, A. S. , Oliveira, L. S. , Irudayaraj, J. , and Lleleji, K. 2015. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and near infrared spectroscopy for the quantification of defects in roasted coffees. Talanta, 134: 379 -386. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 13

Examples: Hyperspectral imaging • Barbin, D. F. , El. Masry, G. , Sun, D.

Examples: Hyperspectral imaging • Barbin, D. F. , El. Masry, G. , Sun, D. , Allen, P. 2013. Non-destructive determination of chemical composition in intact and minced pork using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Food Chemistry, 138: 11621171. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 14

Examples: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Kortesniemi, M. , Vuorinen, A. L. , Sinkkonen, J.

Examples: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Kortesniemi, M. , Vuorinen, A. L. , Sinkkonen, J. , Yang, B. , Rajala, A. , and Kallio, H. 2015. NMR metabolomics of ripened and developing oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa). Food Chemistry, 172: 63 -70. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 15

Examples: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Hernandez-Sanchez, N. , Barreiro, P. , and Cabello, R.

Examples: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Hernandez-Sanchez, N. , Barreiro, P. , and Cabello, R. 2006. On-line identification of seeds in mandarins with magnetic resonance imaging. Biosystems Engineering, 95(4): 529 -536. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 16

Examples: Ultrasonic Ratajski, A. R. , Bialobrzewski, I. , Dajnowiec, F. , and Bakier,

Examples: Ultrasonic Ratajski, A. R. , Bialobrzewski, I. , Dajnowiec, F. , and Bakier, S. 2010. The use of ultrasonic methods in the identification of honey types. Technical Sciences, 13: 22 -29. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 17

Examples: Electronic tongue Dias, L. G. , Sequeira, C. , Veloso, A. C. A.

Examples: Electronic tongue Dias, L. G. , Sequeira, C. , Veloso, A. C. A. , Sousa, M. E. B. C. , and Peres, A. M. 2014. Evaluation of healthy and sensory indexes of sweetened beverages using an electronic tongue. Analytica Chimica Acta, 848: 32 -42. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 18

Examples: Electronic nose Panigrahi, S. , Balasubramanian, S. , Gu, H. , Logue, C.

Examples: Electronic nose Panigrahi, S. , Balasubramanian, S. , Gu, H. , Logue, C. , and Marchello, , M. 2006. Neural-network-integrated electronic nose system for identification of spoiled beef. LWT – Food Science and Technology, 39: 135 -145. Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 19

Examples • Other examples …. . What do you think? Food Quality Evaluation Methods–

Examples • Other examples …. . What do you think? Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 20

Summary • We have looked at: – The essential of measuring food quality and

Summary • We have looked at: – The essential of measuring food quality and safety parameters. – Food quality evaluation methods – Food safety evaluation methods – Some research examples Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade 21

Kurdistan Nature Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan

Kurdistan Nature Food Quality Evaluation Methods– Department of Biosystems Engineering – University of Kurdistan Zrebar Lake, Marivan http: //agri. uok. ac. ir/kmollazade