University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of

University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest Faculty of Horticulture International Student Symposium “Hortus Academicus” March 29, 2019, Bucharest, Romania SENSITIVITY OF SOME NEW PEACH AND NECTARINE VARIETIES TO BACTERIAL DISEASE AND ORIENTAL PEACH MOTH Authors names: Alexandru Bucur Coordinator Professor: Prof. dr. Florin Stanică International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction Peach importance Peach is one of the most valuable fruit species due to the food, therapeutic and agrobiological attributes of the trees. This special importance is due to the quality of the fruits, the profitability of the crop in the favorable areas, the precocity of the species, the high productivity, etc. Peaches contain, depending on the variety and growing conditions, 8, 5 -12, 6% sugars; 0. 4 -0. 9% organic acids; 0. 4 -0. 8% pectic substances; 0. 5 -1. 1 protein substances; 0. 2 -0. 7% mineral substances. They also contain tanoid substances (0. 02 -0. 39%), vitamins (C, A, B 1, B 2, PP, E, P) and potassium salts, iron, calcium, etc. , totally 27 chemical elements. Peaches are one of the most popular raw materials for processing in a variety of assortment: jam, juice, jam, dehydrated fruits, and frozen and other food products (Cimpoieș, 2018; Ghena and Braniște, 2003). International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction Problem: bacterial disease and oriental peach moth (Anarsia lineatella, Zeller) atack on peach and nectarine. Diseases and peach pests require many high-cost phytosanitary treatments and extensive knowledge of parasitic factors and symptomatology. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction Bacterial disease Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni(XANTPR) Pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae(PSDMPE) • Slope of the leaves occurs after the bacterium penetrates and appears as brown spots on the leaves, shoots, fruits or cancers on the branches Oriental peach moth Anarsia lineatella, Zeller • Organs targeted by oriental moth of peach are shells and fruit. The flowers enter the core of the shell in the area of the terminal bud, dripping dry galleries, and traces of guld and leakage can be seen in the larval entrance area. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction Source consulted: CIMPOIES G. , 2018. Pomicultura specială, Ed. Prinț Caro, Chisinau CHIRA C-L. , 2005. Tehnici hortiviticole compatibile cu mediul, Ed. Ceres, Bucuresti GHENA N. , BRANISTE N. , 2003. Cultura specială a pomilor, Ed. Matrix Rom. , Bucuresti GRADINARU G. , 2002. Pomicultura specială, Ed. Ionescu de la Brad, Iasi HOZA D. , 2000. Pomologie, Ed. Prahova, Prahova INSTITUT TEHNIQUE DE L’ AGRICULTURE BIOLOGIQUE, 2005. Produire des fruits en agriculture biologique, Ed. l’ITAB IVAȘCU A. , TOMA S. , SEVERIN V. , 2002. The Resistance to bacterial attack of some peach and nectarine varieties and hybrids in Romania, Acta Horticulture 592 https: //gd. eppo. int/taxon/XANTPR International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction Objective: Study new peach and nectarine varieties through analyzing bacterial disease and oriental peach moth(Anarsia lineatella, Zeller) sensitivity. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods 1. New peach and nectarine varieties - 16 new nectarin varieties on Mirobolan 29 C, GF 677, Saint Julien A rootstocks - 2 rows (2017 planted)– one on Trident canopy (4 x 2 m) and other on Vertical Axe canopy (4 x 1. 5 m) - 15 new peach varieties on GF 677, Mirobolan 29 C, Adesoto rootstocks - 2 rows (2017 planted) – one on Trident canopy (4 x 2 m) and other on Vertical Axe canopy (4 x 1. 5 m) International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods Nr. crt Nectarin Rippening date Flesh 1 Nectabelle/GF 677 early June in the 66—Pyrénées-Orientales departement—France/ June 1 st and June 10 th yellow 2 Early Sun Grand/SJA 3 rd week of June /15 -21 June yellow 3 Delta/Mirobolan 3 rd decade of June - first decade of July yellow 4 Big Bang/GF 677 . -18 Big Top/21 June-26 june Italy/ 2 -12 July - Spain yellow 5 Big Fire/GF 677 . -5 Big Top/5 -10 July yellow 6 Big Top/GF 677 July 8 th-13 th in Emilia-Romagna, Italy/ 20 -30 July - Zaragoza Spania yellow 6 Big top/GF 677 July 8 th-13 th in Emilia-Romagna, Italy/ 20 -30 July - Zaragoza Spania yellow 7 Big Top/SJA July 8 th-13 th in Emilia-Romagna, Italy/ 20 -30 July - Zaragoza Spania yellow 8 Nectagrand 1/SJA very early/ 13 days before Redhaven/ 10 -13 July yellow 9 Honey Royale/GF 677 yellow 10 -19 July 10 Caldessi 2000/SJA 10 days before Redhaven/11 -17 Iulie white 11 Nectagrand 4/SJA 15 -30 July yellow 12 Guerriera/SJA yellow 5 days after Big Top/ 13 -18 July /25 July -5 august 13 Nectareine/Adesoto July 21 and August 1 st - nearly after the first fruit of ‘Zaitabo’ (Big Top®) yellow 14 Maria Anna/SJA white . +18 redhaven/1 -10 August 15 Stark Red International Gold/SJA early August Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ April 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania yellow

Materials and Methods Big Bang Royal Summer Royal Jim Sweet Henry Sugar Time Big Top Big Fire Source: VIVAI F. LLI ZANZI International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods No. crt Peach Rippening date Flesh 17 -22 June yellow 1 Sugar Time/Adesoto 2 Springbelle/Mirobolan end of June / 20 - 25 June yellow 3 Cardinal/Mirobolan 1 -10 July yellow 4 Royal Majestic/Adesoto 5 -10 July yellow 5 Royal Glory/Adesoto 5 -10 July yellow 6 Nabby/Gf 677 5 -12 July white 7 Royal Summer/GF 677 20 -25 July yellow 8 Royal Summer/SJA 20 -25 July yellow 9 Sweet dream/GF 677 10 -15 August yellow 10 Royal Jim/Adesoto 20 -25 August yellow 11 Sweet Henry/Adesoto 25 -29 August yellow 12 Red Top/Mirobolan end summer yellow 13 Sweet Ivan/Gf 677 27 August - 9 September yellow 14 Sweet Juana/Gf 677 4 -9 September yellow 15 Gladys/GF 677 31 August- 4 September white 16 Lucius/Gf 677 International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ April 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania 31 August- 4 September white

Materials and Methods Royal Summer Royal Jim Sweet Henry Sugar Time Source: VIVAI F. LLI ZANZI International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods Method – Bacterial disease - Sampling 10 leaves/tree for every variety (different height) – October 2018 - Cold store (3�C, 90% umidity) - Scanner Epson Expression 11000 XL - Software Win. Folia International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods Method – oriental peach moth (Anarsia lineatella, Zeller) - Number each shoot attacked on the each tree in December 2018 - First and second generation and third generation. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions A. Bacterial disease International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions Nectarin –significant differences between Vertical Ax and Trident 15, 14 Media 25, 18 STARK RED GOLD/SJA NECTAGRAND 4/SJA NECTAGRAND 1/SJA MARIA ANNA/SJA HONEY ROYAL/GF 677 HONEY LATE/SJA GUERRIERA/SJA EARLY SUN GRAND/SJA DELTA/M 29 C CALDESSI 2000/SJA BIG TOP/GF 677 BIG BANG/GF 677 0, 00 10, 00 Trident 20, 00 30, 00 40, 00 50, 00 60, 00 Vertical Ax International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Trident and Vertical Ax International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions Peach –no significant differences between Vertical Ax and Trident 23, 81 Media 22, 50 SWEET JUANA/gf 677 SWEET IVAN /gf 677 SWEET HENRY/Adesoto SWEET DREAM/gf 677 SUGAR TIME/Adesoto SPRINGBELLE/M 29 C ROYAL SUMMER/sja ROYAL SUMMER/gf 677 ROYAL MAJESTIC/Adesoto ROYAL JIM/Adesoto ROYAL GLORY /Adesoto RED TOP/m 29 c NABBY/gf 677 LUCIUS/gf 677 GLADYS/gf 677 CARDINAL/M 29 C 0, 00 10, 00 Trident 20, 00 30, 00 40, 00 50, 00 Vertical Ax International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

% 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MIHAELA BIG BANG/GF 677 FLORIN ROMAMER CATHERINE NECTAGRAND 4/SJA GUERRIERA/SJA MARIA ANNA/SJA LIANA MIMI DELTA/M 29 C FILIP MONICA Stark Red Gol/M 29 C ROYAL SUMMER/gf 677 ROYAL LEE/gf 677 ROYAL SUMMER/sja GAROFA/GF 677 NECTAREINE/Adesoto STARK RED GOLD/SJA LATE LUKE /gf 677 ANEMONA SWEET JUANA/gf 677 ROYAL TIME/Ishtara BG BANG ‘MAILLAR. . . EARLY SUN GRAND/. . . ? Purpuriu SUGAR TIME/Adesoto Magic Star/GF 677 Luciana/GF 677 GLADYS/gf 677 SPRINGBELLE/M 29 C ROYAL JIM/Adesoto LUCIUS/gf 677 SWEET HENRY/Adesoto NECTAGRAND 1/SJA CARDINAL/m 29 c ROYAL ESTATE /gf 677 ROYAL MAJESTIC/Ad. . . EARLY RICH /gf 677 PURPURIU HONEY LATE/SJA ROYAL GLORY /Ades. . . RED TOP/m 29 c CALDESSI 2000/SJA OCTOBER STAR/gf 677 SWEET DREAM/gf 677 NORACILA/gf 677 RALUCA COSTIN BIG TOP/GF 677 NABBY/gf 677 SWEET IVAN /gf 677 HONEY ROYAL/? BIG FIRE/GF 677 Results and discussions 7, 1 7, 8 8, 1 9, 4 11, 111, 212, 413, 213, 3 13, 415, 015, 415, 516, 116, 717, 318, 018, 418, 619, 319, 419, 5 20, 120, 220, 820, 921, 822, 222, 522, 822, 923, 123, 424, 725, 225, 725, 8 27, 327, 628, 228, 530, 130, 630, 731, 131, 6 37, 241, 2 92, 992, 291, 990, 688, 988, 887, 686, 886, 7 86, 685, 084, 684, 583, 983, 382, 782, 081, 681, 480, 780, 680, 5 79, 979, 879, 279, 178, 277, 877, 577, 277, 176, 976, 675, 374, 874, 374, 2 72, 772, 471, 871, 569, 969, 469, 368, 968, 4 62, 858, 8 Sănătos Afectat The most tolerant: Mihaela, Big Bang/GF 677, Florin, Romamer, Catherine The most sensitive: Big Fire/GF 677, Honey Royal, Sweet Ivan/GF 677, Nabby/GF 677 International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions B. Oriental peach moth (Anarsia lineatella, Zeller) on Nectarin Soi Val 1 total Trident Val 2 total Vertical Ax Trident Val 3 total Vertical Ax Trident Total Vertical Ax Trident Vertical Ax NECTABELLE/GF 677 27 14 87 25 32 3 146 42 EARLY SUN GRAND/SJA 19 8 32 9 16 1 67 18 DELTA/M 29 C 29 11 34 20 17 8 80 39 BIG BANG/GF 677 25 12 39 29 28 9 92 50 BIG FIRE/GF 677 17 13 35 18 15 5 67 36 BIG TOP/GF 677 15 11 43 9 11 2 69 22 NECTAGRAND 1/SJA 12 8 34 6 8 5 54 19 HONEY ROYAL/GF 677 14 12 25 10 4 5 43 27 CALDESSI 2000/SJA 8 6 30 6 13 0 51 12 NECTAGRAND 4/SJA 9 10 18 12 1 5 28 27 GUERRIERA/SJA 10 5 21 13 6 4 37 22 NECTAREINE/Adesoto 13 8 23 2 9 0 45 10 MARIA ANNA/SJA 6 13 22 9 7 1 35 23 STARK RED GOLD/SJA 8 5 20 12 4 2 32 19 NECTAROSS/SJA 10 12 15 13 7 2 32 27 HONEY LATE/SJA 12 9 18 8 9 3 39 20 234 157 496 201 187 55 917 413 Total

Conclusions and recommendations • In the bacterial disease, to nectarine varieties, significant differences were registered according to the canopy shape (Ax Vertical more sensitive). More researches are needed. • The most tolerant varieties were Mihaela, Big Bang/GF 677 and Florin. The most sensitive ones were: Big Fire/GF 677, Honey Royal and Sweet Ivan/GF 677. • Winfolia software can be an important and useful instrument in assessing the bacterial and pest attack Researches will continue with bacterial analyses and further monitoring of the plants. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Thank you for your attention! International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania