Universal Gate NOR Digital Electronics Universal Gate NOR

Universal Gate – NOR Digital Electronics

Universal Gate – NOR This presentation will demonstrate… The basic function of the NOR gate. How an NOR gate can be using to replace an AND gate, an OR gate or an INVERTER gate. AOI Logic More ICs = More $$ NOR Logic Less ICs = Less $$ 2

Universal Gate – NOR This presentation will demonstrate… How a logic circuit implemented with AOI logic gates could be re-implemented using only NOR gates. That using a single gate type, in this case NOR, will reduce the number of integrated circuits (IC) required to implement a logic circuit. AOI Logic More ICs = More $$ NOR Logic Less ICs = Less $$ 3

NOR Gate X Y 0 0 0 1 1 Z 4

NOR Gate X Y 0 0 0 1 1 Z 5

NOR Gate X Y Z 0 0 1 1 6

NOR Gate X Y Z 0 0 1 0 1 1 7

NOR Gate X Y Z 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 8

NOR Gate X Y Z 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 9

NOR Gate Logic Expression: X Y Z 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 10

NOR Gate as an Inverter Gate (Before Bubble) X Truth Table X Z 0 1 1 0 Logic Expression Equivalent to Inverter 11

NOR Gate as an AND Gate X Y “Inverters” NOR Gate Truth Table X Y Z 0 0 1 1 1 Logic Expression Equivalent to AND Gate 12

NOR Gate as an OR Gate X Y NOR Gate “Inverter” Truth Table X Y Z 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 Logic Expression Equivalent to OR Gate 13

NOR Gate Equivalent of AOI Gates AND OR INVERTER 14

Process for NOR Implementation 1. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design with AOI logic. 2. In the AOI implementation, identify and replace every AND, OR, and INVERTER gate with its NOR equivalent. 15

Process for NOR Implementation 3. Redraw the circuit. 4. Identify and eliminate any double inversions. (i. e. back-to-back inverters). 5. Redraw the final circuit. 16

NOR Implementation Design a NOR Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the AOI circuit shown below. 17

NOR Implementation Solution – Step 2 Identify and replace every AND, OR, and INVERTER gate with its NAND equivalent. 18

NOR Implementation Solution – Step 3 Redraw Circuit. 19

NOR Implementation Solution – Step 4 Identify and eliminate any double inversions. 20

NOR Implementation Solution – Step 5 Redraw Circuit. 21

Proof of Equivalence 22

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 6 74 LS 02 7 4 2 2 4 Total Number of ICs → 1 4 IC Type Gates Gate / IC 74 LS 04 1 74 LS 08 74 LS 32 Total Number of ICs → # ICs 2 23

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 2 74 LS 08 2 4 74 LS 32 1 4 Total Number of ICs → 2 24

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 2 74 LS 08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 74 LS 32 1 4 Total Number of ICs → 2 25

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 2 74 LS 08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 74 LS 32 1 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 2 26

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 2 74 LS 08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 74 LS 32 1 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 3 2 27

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 74 LS 08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 74 LS 32 1 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 3 # ICs 28

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 74 LS 08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 74 LS 32 1 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 3 # ICs 29

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 2 74 LS 08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 74 LS 32 1 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 3 30

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 2 74 LS 08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 74 LS 32 1 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 3 2 31

AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 74 LS 04 1 6 1 74 LS 02 7 4 2 74 LS 08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 74 LS 32 1 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 3 2 32