Unites States Between the Wars WWI WWII Social

Unites States Between the Wars • WWI - WWII • Social Realism versus Abstraction • Abstraction (Individualism) –European immigrants –Armory Show 1913 –Alfred Barr, Alfred Stieglitz, Joseph Levy –MOMA –Cubism, Expressionism, Surrealism • Social realism (Masses) –New Deal (Roosevelt) –WPA –Depression, Fascism, Communism • Jazz Age (Harlem Renaissance) –Alain Locke –Revival of African forms

Social Causes Jacob Riis, 5 Cents a Spot, 1889 • Documentary Photography • Lower East Side, NY • “How the Other Half Lives”

Dorothea Lange, White Angel Breadline, 1933 Great Depression WPA Pictorial Straight

American Social Realist Painting George Bellows, Cliff Dwellers, 1913 • • • “Ashcan School” Robert Henri The Eight Real/Modern Poor Man’s Impressionism

John Sloan, Backyards, Greenwich Village, 1914 • Ash Can School • Lower Classes • New York Tenement Apts.

Bellows, Boxing at Sharkey’s, 1901 • Snap shots of the everyday

Regionalists Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930 • Iowa • Dentist and Sister • Dutch/Puritan • Gothic • Iconography? • “Americana”

Wood, Young Corn, 1931 • Regionalist Modernist Landscape

Edward Hopper, Early Sunday Morning, 1930 • N. Y. • Psyche of City

Edward Hopper, Carolina Morning, 1955 • Muted colors • Capture a mood • Isolation • Loneliness • Anxiety • boredom

Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942 Muted colors Isolation Anxiety Capture a mood loneliness boredom

Hopper, Room in New York , 1942

Thomas Hart Benton, City Building, (American Today Series), 1930 • Regionalism • American Worker • Caricature

Benton, The Art of the West, 1932 • American West • Masculinity • “American Hero”

John Sloan, Backyards, Greenwich Village, 1914 • Ash Can School • Lower Classes • New York Tenement Apts. • Poor Man’s Impressionism

Aaron Douglas, Aspects of Negro Life, From Slavery through Reconstruction, 1934 Harlem Renaissance Recover African forms in art Jazz Age Geometric Symbolism Alain Locke (philosopher)

In an African Setting, 1934 Noah’s Ark, 1927

Jacob Lawrence, No. 1, From the Migration of the Negro Series, 1940 -41 • Post-slavery migration north. • Series • Hard edge

Motley, Black Belt, 1934, The Nightlife, 1943 • Chicago’s South Side • Black Experience • Psychedelic colors

American Modernism Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907 • 291 Gallery • “Straight Photography” • Balance of shapes and forms

Stieglitz, 5 th Avenue, 1910 “Pictorial Photography”

Imogen Cunningham, Two Callas, 1939 • San Francisco • Straight photography • Pictorial • f. 64 Gallery (camera f-stop)

Cunningham, Datura, n. d. , Three Vegetables, n. d.

American Modernism Georgia O’Keefe Jack in the Pulpit IV, 1920’s • Records flowers • Precisionism (style) – Essence of Object – Sharp lines – Intense & pure color • Misinterpretations

O’Keefe Music in Pink and Blue, 1923 Black Iris, 1924

City Night, 1926 Radiator Building, Night, NY, 1927

Mardsen Hartley, Portrait of a German Officer, 1914 • • • Armory Show European Influence Independence War Motif Series (12) Berlin Friend/Lover Karl von Freyburg Fragments Individual iconography

Hartley, Still Life, 1911 / Chinese Sea Horse, 1941

DADA c. 1913 -1925, Marcel Duchamp, Urinal (Fountain), 1917(1950) • • Response to WWI. Tristian Tziara & Hugo Ball French = hobby horse; Rumanian = yes Zurich, Paris, Germany, New York. Nonsense, no manifesto State of mind ANTI-ART OBJECTS –Readymade/Already made –Loses functionality • • AUTOMATISM Chance Choice End result of contradiction

Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors Even (large glass), 1915 -23 • New York Dada • Alfred Stieglitz • 291 gallery • Circulatory systems • “mechanamorphic” • Chance

Surrealism Paris, 1922. International in 1936. Andre Breton: Manifesto (associated with dada) Born out of a desire for positive action. Myths Primitivism Dream Analysis Chance Choice (Free association) Spontaneous Action Metonymy (metonimic)

Rene Magritte, The Human Condition, 1928 • Poststructuralism • Sarte, Benjamin • Painting as Representation • Reality as representation

Magritte, The Treachery (of perfidy) of Image, 1928 -29 • “This is not a pipe” • Reality/ Representation

Joseph Cornell Untitled (The Hotel Eden), 1945 • Shadow Boxes – 12 -20” • Surrealism – Julian Levy Gallery • Assemblage • Discarded objects • Nostalgia • Random Juxtaposition • Search for the self • Caged Bird: sublimation, memory, and peace.