UNITED STATES SUBMARINES World War II to Global

UNITED STATES SUBMARINES World War II to Global War on Terrorism Richard Mc. Pherson Executive Vice President Down. Range Global Solutions, Inc. www. downrangeglobal. com

World War II Japan Attack on Pearl Harbor Damage did not include Submarines or the Fuel Depot Submarines diesel-electric Range 10, 000 miles

After Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 order issued by Chief of Naval Operations "EXECUTE UNRESTRICTED AIR AND SUBMARINE WARFARE AGAINST JAPAN"

WW II Submarines

World War II Gato Class Submarines Displacement: (tons)1526 surfaced, 2424 submerged Length 311' 9“ Beam 27' 4“ Draft 15‘ Test Depth 300‘ Speed: (in knots) 20. 75 knots surfaced 8. 75 knots submerged Torpedo Tubes 6 forward, 4 aft Torpedo load out 24

Escape Training Tank Pearl Harbor

Qualified in Submarines Coveted “Dolphins”

World War II US Submarines U. S. Submarines - 55% of all Japanese tonnage sunk in the war U. S. Submarines - 1. 6% of U. S. Navy Japanese lost 1, 178 Merchant Ships 5, 053, 491 tons. Japanese Navy lost 214 ships and submarines -577, 626 tons Total Japanese loss 5, 631, 117 tons - 1, 392 ships. Japan ended war with 12% of her merchant fleet intact - no fuel to run more than a few of them.

Congressman Andrew May To the media in June 1943, upon being briefed about US Submarines “Don't worry about our submariners; the Japanese are setting their depth charges too shallow ” May's revelation cost the U. S. Navy as many as ten submarines and 800 crewmen"

WW II US Submarines 488 War Patrols 52 Submarines Lost 4, 023 Men Lost On Eternal Patrol

End of World War II "We shall never forget that it was our submarines that held the lines against the enemy while our fleets replaced losses and repaired wounds" ─Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, USN

Commander Submarine Forces Pacific during WW II "I can assure you that they went down fighting and that their brothers who survived them took a grim toll of our savage enemy to avenge their deaths" ─Vice Admiral C. A. Lockwood, USN

US Navy Nuclear Power 1948 Navy Nuclear Power Program 1952 First Navy Nuclear Prototype 1953 USS Nautilus SSN 571 Launched 1955 USS Nautilus SSN 571: “Underway on Nuclear Power” Total Time - Less than 8 -years

Following World War II The Cold War Korea Vietnam The first Gulf War The second Gulf War Global War on Terrorism

Cold War Submarines Diesel-Electric Nuclear Fast Attack Nuclear Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM)

Fleet Ballistic Missile “FBM” Submarines Soviets launched Sputnik in October 1957 Nuclear Deterrent from Attack 1950’s “ 41 for Freedom” Deployed first in 1959 (49 years) Two Crews Blue and Gold 24 Hours a Day “Deterrent Weapon System” More than 3, 500 SSBN patrols accounting for over 130, 000 man-years spent on patrol

USS Stonewall Jackson SSBN 634

USS Dixon AS 37 Submarine Tender

Diego Garcia, Indian Ocean

USS Thresher SSN 593 Lost April 10, 1963

USS Scorpion SSN 589 Lost May 22, 1968

1980’s Los Angeles Class

National Security Strategy "Nuclear weapons serve as a hedge against an uncertain future, a guarantee of our security commitments to allies, and a disincentive to those who would contemplate developing or otherwise acquiring their own nuclear weapons"

Trident Class FBM’s

Trident “FBM” Submarines 18 Trident Submarines (1981) More than half the Nation's strategic arsenal carried by TRIDENT submarines Less than 1. 5 % of naval personnel Cost of less than 35 % of the strategic budget -That's a bargain That's leverage, and that's relevance

Global War on Terrorism Began in 1960’s 1973 (Oil became economic weapon) 1979 (Iran declared war on America) 1983 (Marine barracks Beirut, Lebanon) 1992 -2000 (Terrorism flourished unabated ) September 11, 2001

Modified Trident Submarines Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) Special Operations Forces (SOF) Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS) 154 Tomahawk missiles (TLAM’s) On patrol about 70% of the year Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs)

Trident for GWOT

USS Seawolf SSN 21

USS Seawolf SSN 21

USS Seawolf SSN 21 Strengthened sail permit operations under polar ice cap Eight-tube, double-deck torpedo room simultaneously engages multiple threats Highest tactical speed of any US submarine Propulsion system ten times 70 times quieter than Los Angeles 688 -class submarines Hull made high-pressure HY-100 steel used in Navy's deep-diving SEA CLIFF and TURTLE capable of depths in excess of 10, 000 feet

USS Virginia SSN 774

USS Virginia SSN 774

USS Virginia SSN 774 S 9 G reactor 29. 84 MW (40, 000 hp), one shaft pumpjet-propulsor Displacement, 7, 800 tons submerged Length: 377 feet. Draft: 32 feet. Beam: 34 feet. Speed: 25+ knots Depth: Greater than 800 feet Four 21" Torpedo Tubes, Vertical Tubes: 12 Vertical Launch System Tubes, Weapons: 38 weapons, including: Vertical Launch System Tomahawk Cruise Missiles, Mk 48 ADCAP Heavyweight Torpedoes, Advanced Mobile Mines, Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (UUV’s) Special Warfare: Dry Deck Shelter. Advanced SEAL Delivery System Sonar's: Spherical active/passive arrays. Lightweight Wide Aperture Arrays. TB-16, TB-29, and future towed arrays. High-frequency chin and sail arrays Countermeasures: 1 internal launcher (reloadable 2 -barrel) 14 external launchers Crew: 113 Submariners

USS Virginia SSN 674 Covert Strike land-attack missiles from vertical launchers and torpedo tubes Anti-Submarine Warfare advanced combat system flexible payload of torpedoes Anti-Ship Warfare advanced combat system and torpedoes Battle Group Support with advanced electronic sensors and communications equipment Covert Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, using sensors to collect critical intelligence and locate radar sites, missile batteries and command sites as well as to monitor communications and track ship movements Covert Mine laying against enemy shipping Special Operations, including search and rescue, reconnaissance, sabotage, diversionary attacks, and direction of fire support and strikes

DSRV 1 Mystic

US Naval Nuclear Power

TODAY U. S. Navy Submarines on patrol are undetected awaiting the President and National Command Authority’s orders to launch any type of attack as ordered U. S. Navy Submarines are conducting clandestine operations in support of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT)

RADM Earl P. “Buddy” Yates “When the funds for America’s National Defense are drying up the last thing to be funded to keep us free is the Trident Submarine” Admiral Buddy Yates is a Naval Academy graduate and Naval Aviator who served in World War II, Korea and Vietnam - he knows about America’s national security

Author Richard Mc. Pherson is a Submariner, and life member of United States Submarine Veterans Inc. , serving as the Base Commander of the Los Angeles – Pasadena Base and President of the Los Angeles Chapter of Submarine Veterans of World War II. Since the 9/11 attack on America he has been working on issues related to the global war on terrorism (“GWOT”).

QUESTIONS United States Submarines Richard Mc. Pherson Executive Vice President Down. Range Global Solutions, Inc. E-mail: RMc. Phe 8888@aol. com