UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO UNITED NATIONS

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UN Inter-Agency Workshop on Capacity Building/Development Geneva, 20 -22 November 2002 UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS Presented by Mr. Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento Senior Advisor - UNIDO Office at Geneva ~ UNIDO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS • UNIDOs Integrated programme approach • UNIDOs Market Access. Conceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach • SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION THE INTEGRATED PROGRAMME APPROACH UNIDO INTEGRATED PROGRAMMES (IPs) aim at improving industrial competitiveness and thereby contribute to poverty reduction. To optimise the chances of achieving this, the focus of integration is at the level of the UNIDO Service Modules selected for the programme, as well as at the level of donor mechanisms, national counterparts and other development activities in the country or region. ~ UNIDO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Service Module Approach Industrial Governance and statistics Investment and technology promotion Quality and productivity Small business development Agro-industries Industrial energy and Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol Environmental Management ~ UNIDO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION The 8 Service Modules ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO …. . grouped in “ 3 Es”: ECONOMY ¨ “Competitive Economy” - or Making Industry more Efficient ¨ “Sound Environment” - or Environmentally Friendly Industry EN V T EN YM O IRO PL EM ¨ “Productive Employment” - or Promoting Employment in Industry NM EN T SID

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Integrated Packages of Services L E V E L POLICY ~ UNIDO ~ COMPETITIVE ECONOMY Making industry more efficient Industrial Governance & Statistics UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION SOUND ENVIRONMENT Environmentally friendly industry ~ UNIDO PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT Promoting employment in industry Industrial Energy & Kyoto Protocol Small Business Development Environmental Management Agro-Industries OF I N T E R V E N T I O N Quality & Productivity INSTITUTIONAL Investment & Technology Promotion ENTERPRISE Montreal Protocol

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS • UNIDOs Integrated programme approach • UNIDOs Market Access conceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach • SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ARE TAKING LIMITED ADVANTAGE OF IMPROVED ACCESS CONDITIONS BECAUSE: They have serious shortfalls in capabilities They face major non-tariff barriers to trade They have to adapt to the multilateral trading system

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ CAPACITY SHORTFALLS to produce goods of Supply unable competitive quality and quantity. Standards often incompatible with international standards. Metrology no recognized laboratory capacities. and testing Trade little say in international trade agreements Marketing and export unable to identify and attract target consumers promotion UNIDO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO

NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS TION, A R T S I G RE N& O I T A T N DOCUME ISSUES S CUSTOM Y& SANITAR ARY T I N A S O PHYT PS) S ( S E R U MEAS AL TECHNIC TO S BARRIER BT) TRADE (T MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION TRANSP ORTATIO N & TRANS IT INVESTM ENT & FINANCIA MATTER L S INTERNA RULES F TIONAL OR TRAD E

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Pre-conditions for Market Access – The Main Problem Areas ü “Countries must have marketable products to sell” ü “Products must meet market/client requirements” ü “Rules for trade, customs must be harmonized” ~ UNIDO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO P R O D U C T S ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Products to Market Develop Competitive Manufacturing Capability Compete Prove Conformity with Market Requirements Conform …. by upgrading supply capacities and standards infrastructures Connect to the Market Connect ~ UNIDO M A R K E T S

A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY FACILITATES MARKET ACCESS SUPPLY MENT DEVELOP & (Capacity ness) e v i t e p m Co UNIDO Compete EXPORT P ROMOTIO N ITC DS & R A D N A T S ITY CONFORM NT ASSESSM TURE C U R T S A INFR ) (TBT, SPS , WHO O A F , O D I UN Conform INVESTME NT FACILITAT ION FINANCIA L FLOWS UNCTAD CUSTOMS S RE PROCEDU ATION T R O P S N TRA ION T A T N E M DOCU IMO UNCTAD, Connect INTERNAT IONAL AGREEME NTS & RU LES FOR TRAD E WTO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS • UNIDOs Integrated programme approach • UNIDOs Market Access. Conceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach • Capacity Building: Lake Victoria Project

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Situation Before • Major fish industry (Nile perch) developed around Lake Victoria, shared by Tanzania 51%, Uganda 43% and Kenya 6% • Revenues from exports exceeded USD 200 million/year • Employment for almost 500. 000 people • Favorable ground for local suppliers and complementary industries.

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Effect of Lake Fish Poisoning • EU export ban imposed in 1999 • Fish exports dropped by 50% in Tanzania and Uganda • 30% of workers lost their jobs • Most of the fish factories closed or worked far below capacity ~ UNIDO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Challenge – Project Objectives • Identify immediate and structural deficiencies • Establish solid foundation for fish safety system • Lift the ban imposed by EU ~ UNIDO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA Appropriate strategy for risk analysis, management and communication Appropriate food control legislation (FAO) Coordination and monitoring mechanisms involving all the stakeholders GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA Inspection (regulations enforcement, system auditing and product certification, hazard identification and analysis) Support services: Testing analyses (GLP-accredit. ISO 17025), standardization, metrology, training and certification bodies; etc. GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL Strengthening individual and collective awareness and skills of personal Implementing GHP and HACCP based programs with benchmarking mechanisms Implementing quality management systems INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL Collective awareness through the media ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) Education focusing on young generation through school programs CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET) Strengthening capacity of consumers organizations

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Project Implementation • Integrated corrective actions taken by UNIDO in partnership with 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Uganda National Bureau of Standards Tanzania Bureau of Standards Federation of Kenya Employers Lake Victoria Fishers Cooperative UNDP, WHO, FAO, DFID • 3 years, USD 4. 6 million • Sources of funds: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, UNDP, UNIDO

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Results achieved • Organizational and regulatory framework for fish industry improved, service capacity for fish inspection strengthened • Testing laboratories locally available and internationally recognized • In-plant group training carried out in 17 factories for 950 staff and critical mass of expertise provided to processing plants in GHP, HACCP, ISO 9000 • Quality control upgraded at all levels • EU ban lifted by the end of 2000 and new market in US opened

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Lessons learned • Building up the competent authority and establishing QMS and HACCP systems was essential for restarting fish exports. • Strengthening simultanuoesly local support institutions such as standardization bodies and testing houses, inspection and certification bodies was decisive to regain the EU market and get access to new markets. A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY INVOLVING ALL STAKEHOLDERS WAS INDISPENSABLE TO ACHIEVE IMPACT UNIDO

http: //www. unido. org