United Nations about Human Rights are those conditions

United Nations about Human Rights are those conditions of life without which are essential for the all round development of personality of individuals. In these days rights are not only the concern of the nation state, rather these have also become the concern of international community and international organization. On December 10, 1948, the General assembly of the united nations adopted and proclaimed the universal declaration of human rights.

Provisions Made in the Charter of United Nations about Human Rights n n n Faith in fundamental human rights To achieve international cooperation to promote human rights To develop respect for human rights Recommendations to promote the respect for rights To appoint commission for the promotion of human rights To develop respect for human rights is the purpose of trusteeship system

Characteristics of human rights included in to declaration n n It starts with preamble Detailed and comprehensive rights Individuals, not the states are the subject of rights Rights are universal Rights are non-justible Rights are not absolute Based on the principle of human equality, liberty and brotherhood Common standard of achievemenyt for all nations No mention of dutiesa Prohibition to use these rights contrary to the pusposes and uni

Classification of the Rights Included in the Declaration n Civil rights Political rights Economic, social and cultural rights

Civil Rights n n n n Right to Life Right to Family Rights to Personal Freedom Right to Education Rights to Religious Freedom Right to Equality Right to Freedom of Thought and Expression Right to Freedom of Movement Rights to Press Rights to Secure Justice Right form Association Right to Contract Right to freedom in Domestic Matters Right to Social Security

Political Rights n n n n Right to Vote Right to Contest Election Right to hold Public Offices Right to form Political Parties and Association etc. Rights to Petition Right to Criticise The Government Right to Protection in other Countries Right to Information

Economic, social and cultural rights n n n Right to Work Right to Adequate Wages Right to Property Right to Rest And Leisure Right to Fixed hours of work Right to just remuneration Right to decent standard of life Right to form and join trade unions Right to social security Special facilities for mothers and children Right to participate in cultural life Right to social and international order for the enjoyment of right

Efforts made by united nations to get the human rights implemented n 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Human rights and covenants Covenant on civil and political rights-1966 Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights-1966 Universal declaration on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination, nov. 20, 1963 Appointment of High Commissioner for human rights United nations action of human rights in South Africal, Dec. 17, 1974 International conference on human right in Tehran, 1968 International year of human rights, 1968 Organization of international debates, discussions and seminars

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Dec. 10 is celebrated as human rights day Convention on Genocide Prevention of discrimination and protection of Minorities, 1946 Convention on political rights of women Supplementary convention on abolition of slavery, slave trade and institutions and Malpractices similar to slavery Rights to self determination Rights of children The convention against Torture, 1984 Vienna Declaration on human rights, 1993

Amnesty international n n n It is a N. G. O. it is mainly concerned with the protection of the following four rights Right to life Right to expression Right against torture Right to fair trail

Importance of the declaration of human rights n n n Essential for the all round development of individual The declaration is universal in nature Create awareness among the people Rights are made the concern of international community These are guiding principles for different nations Essential to create an international society based on justice Measuring rode to judge the progress made by different states Influence of declaration on international covenants and conventions Based on the human principles of equality, liberty and fraternity Prohibition of discrimination Strengthens democratic order ion the world

Criticism of the Declaration of Human Rights n n n n n Against the principle of state sovereignty Rights are no-justiable Against the principles of united nations These are not better than moral principles No time limit to implement these principles Responsible for international conflicts No proper classification of these rights Gap between theory and practice No provision of duties

Conclusion Though there is no supreme power behind these rights and to implement and not to implement these is upto the different states, in spite of this we can not ignore their importance. The real purpose of the declaration is to prepare public opinion in favour of the rights which are essential for the development of the individuals and the united nation is successful in this direction to a great extent.

n n By Dr. AMANDIP KAUR DEPTT. OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, PGGCG, SEC. 11, CHANDIGARH