Unit5 Designing Interface Objects Software Quality Assurance System
Unit-5 • • Designing Interface Objects Software Quality Assurance System Usability Measuring User Satisfaction 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 1
View Layer: Designing Interface Objects Objective ØIdentifying view Classes ØDesigning interface Objects 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 2
Goal of a User Interface (UI) To display and obtain needed information in an accessible, efficient manner. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 3
The Purpose of a View Layer Interface Intro: v. User interface can employ one or more Windows v. Each window should serve a clear, specific purpose 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 4
The Purpose of a View Layer Interface (Cont) Purposes üForms and data entry windows üDialog boxes üApplication windows 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 5
Forms and Data Entry Windows Data entry windows provide access to data that users can retrieve, display and change in the application. For example • Form Design in VB • Input Dialog boxes in VB 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 6
Example for Form Design 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 7
Example for Input Box 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 8
Forms and Data Entry Windows (Cont) Guidelines for designing Forms and Data Entry Window üIdentify the information which we want to display or change üIdentify the task that users need to work with data on the form or data entry window 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 9
Forms and Data Entry Windows (Cont) Data entry tasks include q. Navigating rows in a table, such as moving forward and backward, and going to the first and last record q. Adding and deleting rows q. Changing data in rows q. Saving and canceling the changes We can provide buttons &Quality menus to initiate the user 10 tasks Unit-5, Software & usablity, 3/9/2021 Dept of CSE, SKPEC,
Dialog Boxes Dialog boxes display status information or ask users to supply information or make a decision before continuing with a task For example Message Dialog boxes in VB q. OK only q. YES 3/9/2021 NO Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 11
Example for Dialog box 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 12
Dialog Boxes (Cont) Guidelines for designing Dialog boxes and Error messages A dialog box provides an exchange of information or a dialog between the user and the application Dialog boxes generally appear after a particular Menu item or a Command button pressed Error message If we will wrongly enter the date in the entry form then the 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software usablity, 13 message show the format for Quality date &(DD/MM/YYYY) Dept of CSE, SKPEC,
Guidelines for the Command Buttons Layout Position the command buttons are very important • Bottom • Align top right • Align left border is very popular in web interface 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 14
Application Windows( Main Window) An application window is a container of application objects or icons It contains an entire application with which users can interact 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 15
Application Windows (cont) Consist of Frame or border Title bar Scroll bars Menu bar Toll bar Status bar 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 16
Example 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 17
Application Windows (cont) File menu Open, Save As, Print, Exit Edit Menu Cut, Copy, Paste View Menu Zoom, show and etc Help Menu Fonts 3/9/2021 Colors Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 18
Example 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 19
Example 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 20
Prototyping the user interface Activity diagram 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 21
VIEW LAYER: DESINGING INTERFACE OBJECTS Objectives: • Identifying View Class • Designing Interface Objects. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 22
INTRODUCTION Two types of Interface 1. User Interface 2. Graphical User Interface 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 23
The main Goal of UI To display and obtain needed information in an accessible, efficient manner. The Main Goal of GUI Graphical Representation. • User Design as a Creative Process 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 24
Designing View Layer Classes An implicit benefit of three layer Architecture. • • Separation of the view layer from the business and access layer. View Objects Business Objects Access Objects 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 25
View Layer Objects They are the only exposed objects of an application with which users can interact. View Layer Class That represent the set of operations in the business that users must perform to Complete their task, Ideally in a way they find natural, Easy to remember, and Useful. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, 26 Dept of CSE, SKPEC,
The View Layer Objects are represented for two major aspects of the applications. 1. INPUT – Responding to user interaction 2. OUTPUT-Display or Printing business objects. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 27
View Layer Classes is divided four activities • Macro level UI design process. Identifying view layer objects, User’s perspective. • Micro level UI design activities. Design axioms and corollaries, Prototyping. • Testing usability and User satisfaction. • Refining and Iterating the design. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 28
MACRO LEVEL PROCESS Two Steps: 1. For every class identified, determine if the class interacts with a human actor. 1. Identify the view (interface) objects for the class. 2. Define the relationship among the view objects. 2. Iterate and refine. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 29
MICRO LEVEL PROCESS The process of designing view objects 1. For every interface object identified in the macro UI design process. 2. Iterate and Refine. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 30
OBJECTIVE ◘ QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTS ◘ TESTING STRATEGIES ◘ IMPACT OF OBJECT ORIENTATION ON TESTING ◘ TEST CASES ◘ TEST PLAN ◘ CONTINUOUS TESTING ◘ MYER’S DEBUGGING PRINCIPLES 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 31
QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTS Why? Computers are infamous for doing what you tell them to do, not necessarily what you want them to do. Debugging: Is the process of finding out where something went wrong and correcting the code to eliminate the errors or bugs that cause unexpected results. Types of Errors: N Language(syntax) errors N Run – time errors N Logic errors Categories: Ó Error – based Testing Ó Scenario(usage) – based Testing (contd…) 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 32
Categories ♠ Error – based Testing. ♠ Search for particular clues of interest. ♠ Describe how clues should be tested. ♠ Scenario – based Testing. ♠ Concentrates on what the user does , not on what the product does. (contd…) 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 33
TESTING STRATEGIES BLACK BOX TESTING ₤ It is used to represent a system whose inside workings are not available for inspection. WHITE BOX TESTING ₤ Specific logic is important and must be tested to guarantee the systems proper functioning. TOP – DOWN TESTING ₤ It supports testing user interface and system integration. BOTTOM – UP TESTING ₤ It starts with the details of the system and proceeds to higher levels by a progressive aggregation of details until they fit requirements of system. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 34
IMPACT OF OO ON TESTING ٤ Errors. ٥ Less Plausible ( not worth testing for ) ٥ More Plausible ( worth testing for now ) ٥ New ٤ Impact of Inheritance on Testing. ٤ Reusability of tests. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 35
TEST CASES § A test case is a set of What – if questions. § To test a system you must construct some best input cases, that describe how the output will look. § Next, perform the tests and compare the outcome with the expected output. (contd …) 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 36
Myer’s (objective of testing ) ﭳ Testing Is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors. ﭳ Good test case That has a high probability of finding an as – yet – undiscovered error. ﭳ Successful test case That detects an as – yet – undiscovered error. (Contd …) 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 37
Guidelines (for preparing test cases. ) ổ ổ ổ ổ ổ Describe the feature or service. If based on use case, then refer its name. Specify the feature to test and how to test. Test the normal use. Test the abnormal but reasonable use. Test the abnormal and unreasonable use. Test the boundary conditions. While revising document the cases. Reusability and extendibility should be assessed. Add Questions that arise out of previous ones. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 38
Test Plan ٭ A Test plan is developed to detect and identify potential problems before delivering the software to its users. ٭ A test plan offers a road map. ٭ A dreaded and frequently overlooked activity in software development. ٭ Steps: § Objectives of the test. § Development of a test case § Test analysis. ٭ Regression Testing. ٭ Beta Testing. ٭ Alpha Testing. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, (contd…) 39
Guidelines (for preparing test plan) ≈ ≈ ≈ Specify Requirements generated by user. Specify Schedule and resources. Determine the testing strategy. Configuration Control System. Keep the plan up to date. At the end of each milestone, fill routine updates. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 40
CONTINUOUS TESTING ₫ Testing must take place on continuous basis and this refining cycle must continue throughout the development process until you are satisfied with the results. ₫ During this iterative process, prototypes will be transformed incrementally into the actual application. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 41
MYER’S DEBUGGING PRINCIPLES ∂ Bug locating principles. © Think © If you reach an impasse, sleep on it. © If the impasse remains, describe the problem to someone else. © Use debugging tools. © Experimentation should be done as a last resort. ∂ Debugging principles. © Where there is one bug , there is likely to be another. © Fix the error, not just the symptom. © The probability of solution being correct drops down as the size increases. © Beware of error correction, it may create new errors. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 42
System Usability- Introduction • The task of satisfying user requirements is basic motivation of quality • Usability testing is different from quality assurance testing in that, rather finding programming defects. • It reflects the users need and satisfaction 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 43
USABILITY TESTING • Definition: – ISO Defines the usability as the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which a specified set of users to can achieve a specified set of tasks. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 44
USABILITY TESTING • ISO Definition requires v. Defining tasks – What are the tasks v. Defining users – who are the users v. A means for measuring effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction – how do we measure usability 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 45
USABILITY TESTING • Usability measures the ease of use as well as the degree of comfort and satisfaction users have with the software. • Usability is one of the most crucial factor so it should begin in the earlier stage of product development. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 46
USABILITY TESTING • Usability test cases begin with the identification of use cases. • When designing test focus on use cases and tasks not features. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 47
USABILITY TESTING OOAUse case model Quality assurance test cases User satisfaction Test cases Usability test cases Test plan Jacobson’s Life cycle model 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 48
Guidelines for Usability testing • The usability testing should involve all software components • Usability need not be more expensive or elaborate • All tests need not involve many subjects • Consider user’s experience as a part of your software usability • Apply usability testing early and often. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 49
RECORDING THE USABILITY TEST • When conducting a usability test provide a comfortable environment. • Record the test results using a video camera or a tape recorder. • If possible involve all design team members in observing the test and reviewing the results. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 50
USER SATISFACTION TEST • User satisfaction testing is the process of quantifying the usability test with some measurable attributes of the test such as functionality, cost, or ease of use. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 51
PRINCIPLE OBJECTIVES • To act as a communication vehicle between users and designers. • To detect and evaluate changes during the design process. • To provide a periodic indication of divergence of opinion about the current design. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 52
PRINCIPLE OBJECTIVES (cont…) • To enable pinpointing specific areas of dissatisfaction for remedy. • To provide a clear understanding of just how the completed design is to be evaluated. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 53
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING USER SATISFACTI 0 N TEST The format of every user satisfaction test is basically the same, but its content is different for each project. 3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 54
A Custom For User Satisfaction Test How do you rate the customer tracking project at this time? 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ease of use Functionality Very Hard Very Easy Very Functional 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Very Inexpensive Cost Intuitive UI 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Very Intuitive Very Reliable Reliability 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Non Functional Very Expensive Very Hard to Follow Not Reliable Comments 3/9/2021 I have Unit-5, Software Quality more to say; I would like to see you& usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 55
3/9/2021 Unit-5, Software Quality & usablity, Dept of CSE, SKPEC, 56
- Slides: 56