Unit4 1401 AERODROME DATA PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OBSTACLE
![Unit-4 1401 AERODROME DATA, PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OBSTACLE RESTRICTION 1 Unit-4 1401 AERODROME DATA, PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OBSTACLE RESTRICTION 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-1.jpg)
Unit-4 1401 AERODROME DATA, PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OBSTACLE RESTRICTION 1
![Syllabus 1. Aerodrome data - Basic terminology – Aerodrome reference code – Aerodrome reference Syllabus 1. Aerodrome data - Basic terminology – Aerodrome reference code – Aerodrome reference](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-2.jpg)
Syllabus 1. Aerodrome data - Basic terminology – Aerodrome reference code – Aerodrome reference point – Aerodrome elevation – Aerodrome reference temperature 2. Instrument runway, physical Characteristics; length of primary / secondary runway – Width of runways – Minimum distance between parallel runways etc. – obstacles restriction. 2
![Key Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. Design of an Aerodrome Classification of Aerodromes in Key Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. Design of an Aerodrome Classification of Aerodromes in](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-3.jpg)
Key Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. Design of an Aerodrome Classification of Aerodromes in India Types of Runway Design of Length of Runway 3
![O Hare Airport 4 O Hare Airport 4](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-4.jpg)
O Hare Airport 4
![Types of Aerodromes in India • International Aerodrome-13 • Domestic aerodrome-68 domestic terminals • Types of Aerodromes in India • International Aerodrome-13 • Domestic aerodrome-68 domestic terminals •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-5.jpg)
Types of Aerodromes in India • International Aerodrome-13 • Domestic aerodrome-68 domestic terminals • Military Aerodrome-Pathankot • Custom Aerodrome-Madurai 5
![6 6](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-6.jpg)
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![Chennai Aerodrome parameter • • Location Trisoolam; MSL=16 m Bearing=12*59’N 80*E Runway 1. 07/25; Chennai Aerodrome parameter • • Location Trisoolam; MSL=16 m Bearing=12*59’N 80*E Runway 1. 07/25;](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-7.jpg)
Chennai Aerodrome parameter • • Location Trisoolam; MSL=16 m Bearing=12*59’N 80*E Runway 1. 07/25; 3. 658 m Asphalt Runway 2. 12/30; 2. 05 m Asphalt/Concrete 7
![Chennai Terminal 8 Chennai Terminal 8](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-8.jpg)
Chennai Terminal 8
![9 9](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-9.jpg)
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![Aerodrome Data Aerodrome Ref Point, Aerodrome Chart 10 Aerodrome Data Aerodrome Ref Point, Aerodrome Chart 10](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-10.jpg)
Aerodrome Data Aerodrome Ref Point, Aerodrome Chart 10
![Chennai Airport 11 Chennai Airport 11](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-11.jpg)
Chennai Airport 11
![Aerodrome Data 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contain Aerodrome Chart Aerodrome location giving-name, Aerodrome Data 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contain Aerodrome Chart Aerodrome location giving-name,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-12.jpg)
Aerodrome Data 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contain Aerodrome Chart Aerodrome location giving-name, lat and long, airport elevation physical location, distance & bearings-34 ft AMSL; 12*59’ 37” N, 01*08’ 37”E Aerdrome Administration-name, number, fax of the operator -AAI Movement Areas like Runways, Taxiways, Aprons Visual Aids-marking and lighting system for airports, Visual Approach Slope Indicator and Navigational Aids Ground Services like Fuel, communication from Ground to Pilot 12
![Typical Example 1. Name of Aerodrome-Chennai or Delhi etc & National Airport or International Typical Example 1. Name of Aerodrome-Chennai or Delhi etc & National Airport or International](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-13.jpg)
Typical Example 1. Name of Aerodrome-Chennai or Delhi etc & National Airport or International as NAT/INT 2. Runway Number from 01 to 36 & No. of Runways as 1 or 2 and their designation and length as 07/25; 3. 658 mile 3. Elevation of Runway 4. Type of Traffic ( IFR/VFR) 5. Location of Wind Sox (illuminated and non illuminated) 6. Location of Aerodrome Ref point, Control Tower, Terminal Building, Fire Station, Nav. 13
![AERODROME CHART 1. Layout of runways, taxiways and apron(s); b) type of the runway AERODROME CHART 1. Layout of runways, taxiways and apron(s); b) type of the runway](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-14.jpg)
AERODROME CHART 1. Layout of runways, taxiways and apron(s); b) type of the runway surfaces; c) designations and length of runways; RWY NR-18; 2286 M 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. d) designations of the taxiways e) location of illuminated and non- illuminated wind direction indicators; Location of the aerodrome reference point Location of terminal buildings Location of control tower Location of fire station Location of navigation aids Location of isolation bay Location of helipads 14
![15 15](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-15.jpg)
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![Aerodrome-runway and Taxiaway 16 Aerodrome-runway and Taxiaway 16](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-16.jpg)
Aerodrome-runway and Taxiaway 16
![Runway Details 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Designation: RWY NR-18 Runway Details 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Designation: RWY NR-18](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-17.jpg)
Runway Details 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Designation: RWY NR-18 Bearing: 184*20’ GEO and 184*15’ Runway Size : 2286 x 45 m Width : < 30 m, usually 45 m, based on the wingspace of aircraft Separation between Parallel Runway <1300 m Slope of Runway < 5% Permissible Cross Wind = 20 Knots Runway Surface : Loss Free and Friction Free Material : Partly Asphalt and partly concrete 17
![ARP-Aerodrome Ref Point • ARP defined as geometrical centre of runway, and height decided ARP-Aerodrome Ref Point • ARP defined as geometrical centre of runway, and height decided](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-18.jpg)
ARP-Aerodrome Ref Point • ARP defined as geometrical centre of runway, and height decided by the AAI & Point-ARP -the magnetic variation given to the nearest degree from magnetic north of the runway Indicated as ARPlat and ARPlong 18
![Chennai ARP 19 Chennai ARP 19](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-19.jpg)
Chennai ARP 19
![ARP-Chennai L • • Elevation Latitude Longitude Land Area 1 a t i t ARP-Chennai L • • Elevation Latitude Longitude Land Area 1 a t i t](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-20.jpg)
ARP-Chennai L • • Elevation Latitude Longitude Land Area 1 a t i t u d e 2 5 9 3 7 N 0 o n g i t u d e 8 0 1 0 3 7 E 34 ft AMSL 125937 N 010837 E 1400 Acres L L 1 a 4 n 0 d 0 A A r c e r a e s E 3 l 4 e v f a t t. i o A n M S L 20
![RUNWAY TORA & TODA, Characterestics, types and secondary runway – Width of runways – RUNWAY TORA & TODA, Characterestics, types and secondary runway – Width of runways –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-21.jpg)
RUNWAY TORA & TODA, Characterestics, types and secondary runway – Width of runways – Minimum distance between parallel runways etc. – obstacles restriction 21
![TORA & TODA • Take off Run-TORA =Length of runway declared available and distance TORA & TODA • Take off Run-TORA =Length of runway declared available and distance](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-22.jpg)
TORA & TODA • Take off Run-TORA =Length of runway declared available and distance traversed on ground run of an airplane taking off = 1. 15 x Midpoint length of runway) • Take off Distance-TODA-length of the takeoff run available plus the length of Clear way; TODA=TORA + Clearway or 1. 5 Tora 22
![TAKE OFF DISTANCE-TODA 23 TAKE OFF DISTANCE-TODA 23](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-23.jpg)
TAKE OFF DISTANCE-TODA 23
![TAKE OFF RUN AVAILABLETORA 24 TAKE OFF RUN AVAILABLETORA 24](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-24.jpg)
TAKE OFF RUN AVAILABLETORA 24
![Runway Length • Depends on the type of aircraft and speed of landing( Airbus Runway Length • Depends on the type of aircraft and speed of landing( Airbus](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-25.jpg)
Runway Length • Depends on the type of aircraft and speed of landing( Airbus require 3. 5 Km) • 1800 m for weights< 90, 000 Kg for smaller aircrafts • , 2400 m For Widebodies aircrafts • 4000 m for International flights 25
![Runway Visual Range-RVR • Is an instrumentally derived value that representing the horizontal distance Runway Visual Range-RVR • Is an instrumentally derived value that representing the horizontal distance](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-26.jpg)
Runway Visual Range-RVR • Is an instrumentally derived value that representing the horizontal distance a pilot can see down the runway, determined by visibility sensors • RVR measured in increments of 100 feet up to 1, 000 feet, increments of 200 feet from 1, 000 feet to 3, 000 feet, and increments of 500 feet above 3, 000 feet to 6, 000 feet. 26
![RVR to Pilot 27 RVR to Pilot 27](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-27.jpg)
RVR to Pilot 27
![RVR 28 RVR 28](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-28.jpg)
RVR 28
![Types 1. Single Runway-Simplest Runway used when winds blow on the Runway and suitable Types 1. Single Runway-Simplest Runway used when winds blow on the Runway and suitable](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-29.jpg)
Types 1. Single Runway-Simplest Runway used when winds blow on the Runway and suitable when peak HR traffic is <50 operations; Both ends can be used when the winds are light for landing and departure. 2. Parallel Runway-when winds blow on the runway and peak hr. traffic >50 operations and landing and departure on two runways 3. Intersecting Runway-when wind blow in one direction is > the other, intersecting runway being used. 4. Open V & Closed V runway 29
![Typical Runways 30 Typical Runways 30](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-30.jpg)
Typical Runways 30
![Single and Parallel Runways Single Runway Layout Equal Dep & ARR Terminal Building Parallel Single and Parallel Runways Single Runway Layout Equal Dep & ARR Terminal Building Parallel](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-31.jpg)
Single and Parallel Runways Single Runway Layout Equal Dep & ARR Terminal Building Parallel Runway L/TO 31
![Open V Runway & Intersecting Runway 32 Open V Runway & Intersecting Runway 32](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-32.jpg)
Open V Runway & Intersecting Runway 32
![VFR, IFR Runway ( Precision and Non precision) 1. Visual Runway 2. Instrument Runway VFR, IFR Runway ( Precision and Non precision) 1. Visual Runway 2. Instrument Runway](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-33.jpg)
VFR, IFR Runway ( Precision and Non precision) 1. Visual Runway 2. Instrument Runway a. Precision Runway-marked at edge with white painting-guidance both for vertical and horizontal b. Non Precision Instrument ( no vertical guidance, only horizontal guidance) 33
![34 34](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-34.jpg)
34
![Instrument Runway 35 Instrument Runway 35](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-35.jpg)
Instrument Runway 35
![Instrument runway-Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Marking and lighting systems for runways; b) Instrument runway-Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Marking and lighting systems for runways; b)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-36.jpg)
Instrument runway-Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Marking and lighting systems for runways; b) approach lighting system; c) visual approach slope indicator system; d) aerodrome beacon; e) marking and lighting systems for taxiways; and 6. f) any other marking and lighting systems. 36
![Parallel Runway-9 R-9 L N 0 270 90 180 37 Parallel Runway-9 R-9 L N 0 270 90 180 37](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-37.jpg)
Parallel Runway-9 R-9 L N 0 270 90 180 37
![Parallel Runway 38 Parallel Runway 38](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-38.jpg)
Parallel Runway 38
![Landing 39 Landing 39](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-39.jpg)
Landing 39
![Parallel Runways 40 Parallel Runways 40](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-40.jpg)
Parallel Runways 40
![Components of a Traffic Pattern Single Runway 41 Components of a Traffic Pattern Single Runway 41](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-41.jpg)
Components of a Traffic Pattern Single Runway 41
![Designated positions in Parallel runway 4 42 Designated positions in Parallel runway 4 42](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-42.jpg)
Designated positions in Parallel runway 4 42
![Designated positions in the runway • Position 1. Aircraft initiates call to taxi for Designated positions in the runway • Position 1. Aircraft initiates call to taxi for](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-43.jpg)
Designated positions in the runway • Position 1. Aircraft initiates call to taxi for departing flight. Runway from Apron • Position 2. Departing aircraft held at position 2. Engine run-up be performed here. • Position 3. Take-off clearance issued • Position 4. Clearance to land is issued • Position 5. Clearance to taxi to apron • Position 6. Parking information issued 43
![Actual Traffic Pattern in Parallel Runways 44 Actual Traffic Pattern in Parallel Runways 44](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-44.jpg)
Actual Traffic Pattern in Parallel Runways 44
![Parallel Runways <4300’ • Parallel Runways <4300’, Aircraft still required to be 2. 5 Parallel Runways <4300’ • Parallel Runways <4300’, Aircraft still required to be 2. 5](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-45.jpg)
Parallel Runways <4300’ • Parallel Runways <4300’, Aircraft still required to be 2. 5 NM apart on the same localizer, • but close as 1. 5 NM apart diagonally between the localizers 45
![Parallel Runways <4300’ 46 Parallel Runways <4300’ 46](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-46.jpg)
Parallel Runways <4300’ 46
![Minimum distance between parallel runways • Safe if the runway spacing is greater than Minimum distance between parallel runways • Safe if the runway spacing is greater than](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-47.jpg)
Minimum distance between parallel runways • Safe if the runway spacing is greater than 1270 m Unsafe if the spacing is lower than 930 m. 47
![Parallel Runway Approaches (4) 1. 2. 3. 4. Close Parallel Independent parallel approaches Independent Parallel Runway Approaches (4) 1. 2. 3. 4. Close Parallel Independent parallel approaches Independent](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-48.jpg)
Parallel Runway Approaches (4) 1. 2. 3. 4. Close Parallel Independent parallel approaches Independent Close Parallel with Cross Wind Close parallel. 48
![Parallel Runway Approaches (4) 49 Parallel Runway Approaches (4) 49](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-49.jpg)
Parallel Runway Approaches (4) 49
![Width of runways • Runway Width =45 Meters based on Airworthiness requirements for AB Width of runways • Runway Width =45 Meters based on Airworthiness requirements for AB](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-50.jpg)
Width of runways • Runway Width =45 Meters based on Airworthiness requirements for AB 380 50
![Typical Runway 51 Typical Runway 51](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-51.jpg)
Typical Runway 51
![Specification of Taxiway • Width • Surface • Strength 52 Specification of Taxiway • Width • Surface • Strength 52](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-52.jpg)
Specification of Taxiway • Width • Surface • Strength 52
![Information to Pilot for Take off 53 Information to Pilot for Take off 53](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-53.jpg)
Information to Pilot for Take off 53
![Information • • Runway Number Wind Direction and Speed QNH altimeter setting the air Information • • Runway Number Wind Direction and Speed QNH altimeter setting the air](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-54.jpg)
Information • • Runway Number Wind Direction and Speed QNH altimeter setting the air temperature for the runway to be used, in the case of turbine-engine aircraft; • RVR Values of the Runway • Correct Time 54
![Information to be provided for the Aircraft when on Approach • Runway Number • Information to be provided for the Aircraft when on Approach • Runway Number •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-55.jpg)
Information to be provided for the Aircraft when on Approach • Runway Number • Surface Wind Direction and Speed • QNH altimeter setting 55
![Obstacle Restriction • Runway designation: APCH-18 & TKOF-36 • Obstacle type Trees and their Obstacle Restriction • Runway designation: APCH-18 & TKOF-36 • Obstacle type Trees and their](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-56.jpg)
Obstacle Restriction • Runway designation: APCH-18 & TKOF-36 • Obstacle type Trees and their bearing for different types of trees from 17 m to 21 and their coordinates: • Mobile Tower and their bearing • Pole and its bearing 56
![Runway Markings 57 Runway Markings 57](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-57.jpg)
Runway Markings 57
![Runway Factors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Airport elevation above MSL Mean Runway Factors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Airport elevation above MSL Mean](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-58.jpg)
Runway Factors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Airport elevation above MSL Mean maximum temperature Wind velocity Aircraft operating weights Takeoff and landing flap settings Effective runway gradient Runway surface conditions (dry, wet, contaminated, etc. ) 8. Presence of obstructions within the vicinity of the approach and departure path, and 58
![Runway Markings 59 Runway Markings 59](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-59.jpg)
Runway Markings 59
![Instrument Runway markings 60 Instrument Runway markings 60](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-60.jpg)
Instrument Runway markings 60
![Runway Markings 1. Threshold Marking: 30 m x 1. 8 m white stripes 4. Runway Markings 1. Threshold Marking: 30 m x 1. 8 m white stripes 4.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-61.jpg)
Runway Markings 1. Threshold Marking: 30 m x 1. 8 m white stripes 4. Landing. Aiming Point Marking 30 x 4 m W stripe Centre line Marking 29 L 50 -75 m X 0. 9 m 150 m 3. Touch down Zone marking 300 m Figure not to scale 61
![Runway Markings 1. Threshold: marked by a line of green lights-Four stripes on either Runway Markings 1. Threshold: marked by a line of green lights-Four stripes on either](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-62.jpg)
Runway Markings 1. Threshold: marked by a line of green lights-Four stripes on either side of the centerline at the end of the runway 2. Magnetic Runway Heading-29 - number, to the nearest one-tenth of Magnetic North 3. Touch Down Zone Markers: Meant to help define the touchdown zone, they show distance information in 500 foot increments 4. Landing aiming point a visual cue, it is generally 1, 000 feet from the threshold 5. Distance to go Markers: number denotes the distance remaining, in thousands of feet. 6. Runway Designator Sign: the departure end of runway 9 is to your left and the departure end of runway 27 is to your right. 62
![Typical Runway 63 Typical Runway 63](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-63.jpg)
Typical Runway 63
![64 64](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-64.jpg)
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![Meaning of Signals in the event of Communication Failure • Flashing Green-Permission to move Meaning of Signals in the event of Communication Failure • Flashing Green-Permission to move](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-65.jpg)
Meaning of Signals in the event of Communication Failure • Flashing Green-Permission to move to Taxi area • Steady Red-Stop • Flashing Red-Move off the Landing Area to taxi area • Flashing White-Vacate manoeuvring area in accordance with local instructions 65
![Minimum Safe/Sector Altitude-MSA • MSA published for emergency use on IAP charts. • For Minimum Safe/Sector Altitude-MSA • MSA published for emergency use on IAP charts. • For](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-66.jpg)
Minimum Safe/Sector Altitude-MSA • MSA published for emergency use on IAP charts. • For conventional navigation systems, the MSA is normally based on the primary omnidirectional facility • NAVAID used to determine the MSA altitudes. • For RNAV approaches, MSA is based on the runway waypoint (RWY WP) for straight-in approaches, or the airport waypoint (APT WP) for circling approaches. • For GPS approaches, the MSA center will be the missed approach waypoint (MAWP). • MSAsexpressed in feet above mean sea level and normally have a 25 NM radius; 66
![ORDER OF PRIORITY FOR ARRIVING AND DEPARTING AIRCRAFT • Landing ( Final stage of ORDER OF PRIORITY FOR ARRIVING AND DEPARTING AIRCRAFT • Landing ( Final stage of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-67.jpg)
ORDER OF PRIORITY FOR ARRIVING AND DEPARTING AIRCRAFT • Landing ( Final stage of Approach) has Priority against Take off • An aircraft landing or in the final stages of an approach to land have priority over an aircraft intending to depart from the same or an intersecting runway 67
![Airport Design 68 Airport Design 68](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-68.jpg)
Airport Design 68
![Airport Design Areas 1. Evaluation of landing surface, instrument runway and aids. 2. Runway Airport Design Areas 1. Evaluation of landing surface, instrument runway and aids. 2. Runway](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-69.jpg)
Airport Design Areas 1. Evaluation of landing surface, instrument runway and aids. 2. Runway Safety Area program 3. Airport Lighting 4. Terminal Facilities 5. Beacons 6. Papi/Vasi 7. Windcone 69
![Design factors 1. Airport Traffic is a volatile traffic-Assumption 2. Airport Master Plan & Design factors 1. Airport Traffic is a volatile traffic-Assumption 2. Airport Master Plan &](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-70.jpg)
Design factors 1. Airport Traffic is a volatile traffic-Assumption 2. Airport Master Plan & master plan study for airport layout, feasibility plan 3. Specific Devlopment Plan for immediate Future 4. Construction Plan for Runway, Taxiway, Gates and modification of existing terminal 5. Details of the project plan for architectural and engineering designs 6. Assessment of the plan in every phase 7. Determining the cost and financial planning 70
![Factors for Improving an Existing Airport 1. Airport building should have architectural qualitty and Factors for Improving an Existing Airport 1. Airport building should have architectural qualitty and](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-71.jpg)
Factors for Improving an Existing Airport 1. Airport building should have architectural qualitty and Operational Success. 2. should have to designed on the bassis of Structural and Passenger loads/year 3. As a Rule of Thumb, Twice the size of a building should be considered based on annual traffic load including luggage. 4. Airp. Concept of Passenger Building as a Terminal as passengers use airports as a transfer hub. 5. Connecting the passenger facilities to the Apron and Aircraft either by a Underground train or Overhead train like in London (Gatwick) or in Atlanta (Heartfield) 6. Renovating the terminal in the shape of X as in Hongkong 7. Introducing Gate Arrival Concept for commuter traffic 8. Means to minimise luggage transfer and passenger using airport as a transit 9. Minimise the distance to passenger for transit movement 10. Multistorey Car Park 71
![Various Airports in World 72 Various Airports in World 72](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-72.jpg)
Various Airports in World 72
![Doha Airport-Architectural design 73 Doha Airport-Architectural design 73](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-73.jpg)
Doha Airport-Architectural design 73
![Islamabad Airport( Gate concept) 74 Islamabad Airport( Gate concept) 74](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-74.jpg)
Islamabad Airport( Gate concept) 74
![Passenger Flexibility 75 Passenger Flexibility 75](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/a6bb8cc6e069f752838460e9d32b7d59/image-75.jpg)
Passenger Flexibility 75
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