UNIT1 DEAFNESS HEARING LOSS PRESENTED BY Ms Pavithra
UNIT-1 DEAFNESS/ HEARING LOSS PRESENTED BY: Ms. Pavithra K Lecturer, MSN dept
LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the class students will be able to • define deafness • enlist the types of Deafness according to the severity • explain the types of Deafness • enumerate the management deafness • enlist the parts of hearing aids • list down the types of hearing aids
INTRODUCTION • Deafness is defined as Partial or complete hearing loss. • Ranges from mild difficulty in understanding words or sound to total hearing loss. • Age related hearing loss – 30 -35%
QUANTIFICATION OF HEARING LOSS • Mild – between 25 – 40 db • Moderate - between 41 – 55 db • Moderately severe- between 56 – 70 db • Severe - between 71 – 90 db • Profound -91 db or greater
TYPES • Conductive hearing loss • Sensory neural hearing loss • Mixed hearing loss
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS • Is an hearing impairment resulting from dysfunction in any of the mechanisms that normally conduct sound waves through the outer ear, ear drum or the ossicles.
CAUSES • External ear – Impacted wax – Otitis externa – Foriegn body – Congenital atresia or stenosis – Tumour
Middle ear • Otitis media • Tympanic membrane perforation • Cholesteatoma • Ossicular anomalies Inner ear • Labyrinthitis • Otosclerosis
SENSORY NEURAL HEARING LOSS • Is resulting from dysfunction in the inner ear especially in the cochlea where the sound vibrations are converted into neural signals or in the 8 th cranial nerve. • Congenital • Acquired
CONGENITAL • Lack of development of the cochlea • Chromosomal syndromes • Congenital cholesteatoma • Genetic
ACQUIRED • • Age related Benign or malignant tumorrs Ototoxic drugs Childhood infections – measles, mumps infection – CMV, herpes, syphilis Loud noise Sudden pressure changes trauma
MIXED HEARING LOSS • Hearing impairment can result in both conductive and sensori -neural hearing loss
OTHER TYPES • • • Presbycusis Sudden sensory neural hearing loss Noise induced hearing loss High frequency hearing loss Low frequency hearing loss
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS • • Slow progressive hearing loss Tinnitus, Vertigo, dizziness Imbalance Difficulty in understanding words Frequently asking to speak clearly, loudly Isolation Depression and anxiety
DIAGNOSIS • Otoscopy • Hearing acuity • Audiometry
MANAGEMENT • According to the type of hearing loss – Medications – Surgical Management • conductive hearing losses - medications or surgical treatment. • Sensorineural hearing losses are usually permanent
Hearing aid : • The hearing aid is a device that brings sound to the ear more effectively. • To amplify and modulate sound for the wearer • The function of hearing aid is to amplify sound and to couple the amplified sound to the ear.
PARTS OF HEARING AIDS • Microphone • Amplifier • Receiver • Battery
TYPES OF HEARING AID • Body- worn hearing • Behind the ear aids • In the ear canal aids • Spectacle type
Cochlear implants : • These are surgically placed electrical device that receive sound and transmit the resulting electrical signals to electrodes implanted in the cochlea of the ear.
Aural rehabilitation : • It is the process of identifying and diagnosing a hearing loss , providing different types of therapies to clients who are hearing impaired and implementing different amplification devices to aid the clients hearing abilities. • is to maximize the hearing –impaired clients communication skills
• • • Hearing aid orientation Listening stratergies Lip reading Auditory training Sign language
Communicating with hearing impaired patients • Speak clearly not too fast or slow • First attract the listeners attention: it is done by addressing him/her by name or by tapping them lightly on the shoulder. • Move closer: shortening the distance between the speaker and the listener
• Face the listener : position yourself so that listener can see face and lips. • Take the surroundings into account • Restate the message • Do not cover your mouth • be patient
CARE OF HEARING AIDS • Teach how to use • Keep the extra battery available • do not wear hearing aid when an infection • Prevent it from falling • Cords should not be twisted • Protect it from dust or dirt • Remove battery when it is not in use
CONCLUSION • Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear. A deaf person has little to no hearing. Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears. In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken language and in adults, it can cause work related difficulties. In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness. Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent.
EVALUATION • • What is deafness? Enlist the types of Deafness. What are the causes of deafness? What is aural rehabilitation?
REFERENCE • Smeltzer – Brunner & Suddharth Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, Wolters kluwer publishers, 12 th edition 2009. • Black – Medical Surgical Nursing, Elsevier publishers, 8 th edition 2009. • Nettina – Lippincott manual of Nursing Practice, Wolters kluwer publishers, 7 th edition 2014. • Lewis – Medical Surgical Nursing, Elsevier publishers, 10 th edition, 2017
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