Unit Six Made by Chen Yuan Yi Chen

Unit Six Made by Chen Yuan Yi Chen Y Y

Unit 6 Animal Intelligence Text A What Animals Really Think The definition of Intelligence - the power of perceiving, learning, understanding and knowing; mental ability. Personal experience of animal intelligence Chen Y Y

- Main Idea Some animals seem capable of thinking when it is in their own interests to do so. - Text Organization P 174 No. 2 Part One Para 1 – 2 Introduction Part Two Para 3 – 12 3 subheadings to give 3 supporting examples Part Three Para 13 Conclusion Chen Y Y

- the functions of subheadings 1) suggest to the reader the contents of each section 2) enhance the formal appearance of an essay 3) eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections Chen Y Y

Part One 1) intelligence: ability to learn and understand 智力 Examples: Do computers have any intelligence? Don’t act like such an idiot – use your intelligence. Central Intelligence Agency of the U. S. CIA 美国的中央情报局 Chen Y Y

intelligent adj. Examples: Within a few years an intelligent computer will certainly be an important tool for doctors. Even if you are intelligent, you can’t be an excellent student without working hard. Chen Y Y

2) controversy: a lot of discussion and argument about sth. , often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval (followed by ‘over’ or ‘about’) 争论， 争议 Examples: A new controversy arose regarding the politician’s finance. There is a fierce/bitter/heated controversy over the publishing of his book. Exercise P 178 No. 2 1) Chen Y Y

3) surround: be or go all around (sth. or sb. ) 围绕，包围 Examples: The village was surrounded by desert. So the villagers had to abandon it and move to other areas. The shell surrounding the egg has many important functions. The baby was sitting on the floor surrounded by toys. Chen Y Y

4) explore: 1) examine thoroughly, learn about 探究，研究 Examples: The engineers have already explored the possibility of building a bridge over the river. The repairman explored my car and said he would fix it tomorrow. Chen Y Y

2) travel over (a region, area, etc. ) for the purpose of discovery 探索，探险 Examples: Both adults and children find it exciting to explore space. The man will explore the Sahara desert on foot. Chen Y Y

5) obvious: easy to see and understand; clear 明显的 Examples: It must be obvious to everyone that he’s lying. It is obvious that the Chinese women’s soccer team will defeat the American women’s team. Chen Y Y

6) encounter: (fml) meet, esp. unexpectedly 遇到，遭遇 Examples: She encountered an old friend on the street. Before they had gone very far, they encountered a young man selling oranges. 7) …the lack of it: Here it refers to animal intelligence. Chen Y Y

8) reveal: make (sth. ) known 展示，揭 露 Examples: The details of the new policy for medical insurance have been revealed. His research in cloning “Dolly” revealed some very important facts. A survey of the Chinese diet has revealed that a growing number of children in cities are overweight. Chen Y Y

9) convince: make (sb. ) feel sure by the use of argument or evidence 使确信，使信服 convince sb. of sth. convince sb. that Examples: His parents managed to convince him that teaching was the most suitable profession for him. We finally convinced the police of our innocence. be convinced: feel certain that sth. is sure 确信 Example: I was convinced that we were doing the right thing. Chen Y Y

ruling; stronger, more powerful, or more noticeable than other people or things 统治的；占优势 的 10) dominant: Examples: Charlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry. The dominant powers took control of the conference. Chen Y Y

- main idea of Part One Some animals demonstrate intelligence when dealing with captivity and human beings. Chen Y Y

Part Two Let’s Make a Deal 11) Make a deal: reach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 达成交易 Examples: I’ll make a deal with you – you wash the car and I’ll let you use it tonight. The car company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes. Chen Y Y

12) … only to be met with a blank stare: 却被翻了个白眼 only to (do sth. ) is often used to indicate that sb. did sth. with a disappointing or surprising result. Infinitive to functions as result adverbial. 经常用来表示某人做了某事，结果却令人失望 或出人意料，不定式在此作结果状语。 Examples: He hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had left. He had once tried to inviting her out, only to meet with a rather cool response. Chen Y Y

discuss in order to come to an agreement 谈判，协商 13) negotiate: negotiate for sth. negotiate to do sth. negotiate with sb. Examples: We will negotiate for a pay increase of 3. 5%. The government refused to negotiate with terrorists. There were reports that three companies were negotiating to share the market. Chen Y Y

continue to do or have (sth. ) 保持，继续 14) maintain: Examples: The taxi driver and his friend Ed maintained their friendship for over 30 years. The hotel staff showed determination to maintain high-quality service. Our department maintains close contacts with the IT industry. Microsoft intends to maintain its position as market leader. Chen Y Y

free (sb. ) from pain, anxiety, etc. ; ease (pain, anxiety, etc. ) 使减轻痛苦或焦虑等；减轻（痛苦或焦 虑等） 15) relieve: relieve sb. of sth. Examples: Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden. Drugs can relieve much of a pain. Exercise: P 178 No. 2 2) Chen Y Y

carry out; take upon oneself (a task, etc. ) 从事；承担（任 务等） 16) undertake: Examples: The United Nations was supposed to undertake the role of global peace-keeper. You should think very carefully before you undertake the responsibilities of a general manager of a multi-national company. We’ll have to employ more staff if we’re to undertake more work. Chen Y Y

17) Figure out: understand; reason out 理解；推断出 Examples: I can’t figure out why he quit his well-paid job to undertake such tedious work. I can’t figure her out; one minute she’s happy, the next, sad. It took me 2 hours to figure out how to start the new washing-machine. Chen Y Y

18) extend: 1) (cause to) stretch or reach 延伸， 伸展 Examples: The high-speed train service is planned to extend from Baltimore to Philadelphia. Rain is expected to extend to all parts of the country by this evening. Chen Y Y

2) make larger or longer 扩大，加长 Examples: I would like to stay in France a bit longer, but I will need to extend my visa. We’ve extended the kitchen to give us room for a dining area. Chen Y Y

(cause to) grow larger (in size, number or amount) 扩大，扩 展，膨胀 19) expand: Examples: The air in the balloon expands when heated. The population of the town expanded rapidly in the 1960 s. The bank is aiming to expand its share of the mortgage market. Chen Y Y

change; shift (used with ‘to’) 转换，变换 20) switch: Examples: He used to play tennis, but now he’s switched to golf. She started studying medicine at college, but switched to Business Studies in her second year. Chen Y Y

verb. & noun. wish that you had a quality or possession that another person has. 妒忌，羡慕 21) envy: envy sb. /sth. envy sb. for sth. Examples: I don’t envy your trip in this bad weather. He became a millionaire overnight. Many people envied him for his good luck. She’s got a capacity for languages that many students would envy. Chen Y Y

- Main idea: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people. Chen Y Y

Tale of a Whale 22)cooperate: act or work together 合 作，协作 cooperation noun. c. f. corporate adj. 社团的，法人的，共 同的 corporation noun. Chen Y Y

cooperate with sb. cooperate in (doing) sth. cooperate to do sth. Examples: The New York City police cooperate with the force in Boston in catching the criminals. Russia and the US are cooperating in joint space ventures. Aid agencies and the local government are cooperating to deliver supplies to the flooded area. Chen Y Y

23) in sb. ’s interest(s): for or to sb. ’s advantage 为了某人的利益 Examples: It would be in your interests to undertake this task although it’s difficult. The local government has to abandon the plan for a new chemical plant because it is not in the public interest. cf. in the interest(s) of sth. : for the sake of sth. 为了…起见 Example: In the interests of health, please do not smoke. Chen Y Y

24) This is true, but I don’t think it goes far enough. : What behaviorists say is right, but I don’t think their explanation helps very much. 这没有错，但我觉得这一解释尚不充分。 go far: help very much; achieve much success 帮助很大；很有成效 Examples: Your suggestion will go far towards solving our present housing problem. Jane is a very talented writer – she’ll go far. Chen Y Y

25) assess: judge the quality, importance or worth of 评估，估量 assessment noun. Examples: The value of the diamond was assessed at $20, 000. It’s difficult to assess the effects of the use of multimedia in English language teaching in one semester. Examinations are not the only means of assessing someone’s ability. cf. access verb. & noun. 进入，接近 Chen Y Y

26) judgment: 1) opinion about sth. 意见 Examples: In your judgment, what has caused the students’ failure in the examination? My judgment is that the students have spent too much time on extracurricular activities. The manager made an unfair judgment of his new secretary’s character. Chen Y Y

2) the ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions 判断 Examples: He was employed as manager of the Personnel Department because of his excellent judgment. I respect my father’s judgment and I’ll follow any advice he gives me. Chen Y Y

27) Like the time he helped save a family member. : He did just that when he helped save a family member. 比如有一次它救了一个家族成员。 Chen Y Y

first: at the beginning 起先 Examples: At first I thought that the shop was empty, then a man appeared from behind one of the counters. Jack felt tired at first, but soon got used to the long working hours. Exercise: P 179 II 28) At Chen Y Y

an unexpected and dangerous event which must be dealt with at once 紧急状况；突然事件 29) emergency: Examples: In an emergency, call 110. The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an emergency landing. The emergency services are including the fire brigade, the police, and the ambulance service. Chen Y Y

30) Go wrong: stop developing well 有 毛病，出故障 Examples: Everything went wrong with my computer after I installed that new program. I didn't watch the live opening ceremony of the World Cup yesterday because my television went wrong again. Exercise: P 178 No. 2 3) Chen Y Y

31) Size up: carefully examine a situation or person in order to make a judgment 估 量，判断 Examples: I don’t like the way the sales assistants in that shop size you up as you walk through the door. Some manufacturers have been sizing up some African countries as a potential market for their motorcycles. I felt insulted by the way my father sized up my boyfriend. Chen Y Y

32) release: set free 释放 release sb. /sth. from Examples: Some animals in the zoo had been released from its cage. He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence. - Main idea: Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly. Chen Y Y

Primate Shell Game sth. that gives a reason for believing sth. ; trace (uncountable noun; often followed by ‘of/for’, or ‘that’, or ‘to’) 证据；迹象 33) evidence: Examples: There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease. Scientists haven’t found any evidence of life on other planets. We don’t have enough evidence to prove him guilty. Chen Y Y

try to make (sb. ) believe sth. that is false 欺骗 34) deceive: deceive sb. into doing sth. Examples: You can’t pass exams without working, so don’t deceive yourself into thinking you can. You deceived me, and I can’t forgive you. They deceived the old man into signing the papers. Chen Y Y

35) Melati …: looked Shewman in the eye Melati looked directly and steadily at Shewman. 梅拉蒂眼睛直视休曼。 look sb. in the eye(s): look directly and steadily at sb. because you are not embarrassed or ashamed Examples: I couldn't look him in the eye afterwards, knowing that I had lost all that money. Can you look me in the eyes and say you didn't break the window? Chen Y Y

36) original: first or earliest 最初的；原 始的 Examples: The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America. The land was returned to its original owner. Chen Y Y

37) give in (to sb. /sth. ): admit a loss; surrender; yield 让步；屈服；投 降 Examples: The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands. I gave in to temptation and had a cigarette. I pressed my parents until they finally gave in and bought me a computer. Exercise: P 179 No. 2 5) Chen Y Y

Give up 放弃，停止做… n He gave up his position as chairman of the committee. n He had to give up his studies through lack of money. n “Do you smoke? ” “No, I gave up last year. ” n The doctor told him to give up alcohol. n I’ve given up eating meat. n Chen Y Y

38) underneath: under or below 在…下 面，在…底下 Examples: The bomb exploded underneath his car as he was preparing to leave. Russel wore a white vest underneath his shirt. - main idea: Animals can sometimes be tricky. Chen Y Y

- How many kinds of animals are mentioned in Part II? What are they? a gorilla (Colo), 3 orangutan (Chantek, Melati, Towan), a killer whale (Orky) - Why does the author mention these animals in his article? to support his point advanced in Part I - Writing Strategy P 193 Chen Y Y

Part III remain alive; continue to live or exist after 幸免于；继续存在，幸存 39) survive: Examples: A few were killed but most survived in the earthquake. The baby was born with a problem with his heart and only survived for a few hours. She survived the accident. The plants may not survive the frost. Exercise: P 179 No. 2 4) Chen Y Y

40) wipe out: get rid of or destroy 消 灭，消除 Examples: The bank agreed to wipe out their debts. Whole villages were wiped out in the flood. Chen Y Y

41) …even if their horizons are more limited than ours. : even though they can’t assess the world in the same way as we do because of more limited knowledge and experience. 即使它们的视野比我们的狭小。 - main idea Some animals are intelligent. Chen Y Y

- other ways of transition(过渡) besides headings and subheadings What does ‘it’ in the first line of Para. 4 refer to? (the key chain held by Colo) What does ‘the problem’ in the first line of Para. 10 refer to? (the keepers couldn't reach the baby whale to help it) Chen Y Y

What does ‘this whole trick’ in the first line of Para. 12 refer to? (Melati deceived her keeper into giving her two oranges instead of one. ) - 1) Anaphora (前指) Cataphora (后指) - 2) Headings & Subheadings However, it doesn't follow that any other transitional devices are not welcome. Chen Y Y

3) Conjunctions e. g. the first sentence of Para. 6 “Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing. ” - 4) In the beginning sentence of a new paragraph, sum up the main idea of the previous paragraph or section, then go on to introduce the topic of the current paragraph. e. g. the first sentence of Para. 5 - Chen Y Y

Reading Course Unit Six 16. Eleanor and Her Horse 4. Context Clues compounded: increased Was fitted for glasses: was examined to provide a pair of suitable glasses to wear Clarity: clearness Held her ground: kept her opinion To work it out: to solve this problem and build up a good relationship 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Chen Y Y

3）他俩彼此心心相印。 4）埃莉诺和“暴风雨”真的是相互关心，他们 了解对方的心意，及时满足对方的心愿。 17. Watching 2. Context Clues A bad shot: a person who shoots badly May well: be very likely to do Kill: an animal killed (by the lioness) In my sights: (looking through) the part of a weapon which guides the eye in aiming 1) 2) 3) 4) Chen Y Y

5) I kept my gun leveled on her: I aimed my gun at her (the lioness) 6) sheepishly I lowered my gun: being ashamed of my reckless thought, I put down my gun and stopped aiming at the lioness 7) straight: directly 3. BA D C 4. 1）在有把握拦住它们的情况下，你可以让 它们尽量靠近你，直到最后关头。 Chen Y Y

2）我举起步枪，瞄准她。杰克说“站住，别 开枪”时，她已经离我很近了。 3）从她的腹腔深处还发出一阵低沉的隆隆声。 4）在其他场合，这个教训对我很有帮助。 18. Three Peach Stones 3. Context Clues Nothing more than: mere, only Take for granted: accept (a fact or one’s presence) without questioning its rightness 1) 2) Chen Y Y

3) whereas: but, on the contrary 4) Some ten years ago: about ten years ago 5) A penal sentence: a punishment by law (for instance, imprisonment) 6) A ghost of smile: a smile almost beyond one’s notice 7) earth: soil 8) Laughing to heaven: laughing merrily to show that he is extremely happy 9) There you are: here is what you see (referring to the three shoots) Chen Y Y