Unit Intro Manifest Destiny Please pick up Class

Unit Intro & Manifest Destiny Please pick up Class Notes #16 and take out the following: *Focus #16 – turn in maps only for credit *Unit Guide with homework 9, 10, & 11 We will: *introduce the “National Expansion & Civil War” unit *explain how and why Americans moved west to the Pacific in the early 1800 s *map America’s expansion westward from 1783 to 1853

Schedule Changes Due to Snow Day Write these down on the unit guide: *Thursday, Dec. 12 (today) - Manifest Destiny, Focus 17 *Monday, Dec. 16 – we will still be in lab 231 to work on the Civil War exhibit – bring materials/research, Focus 17 and H 9 collected for credit *Wednesday, Dec. 18 – Polk & the Mexican-American War and Focus 18; QUARTER EXHIBITS ARE STILL DUE THIS DAY! *Friday, Dec. 20 – Quiz #4 and Focus 18: Road to Secession We will need to cancel the exhibition – we will post exhibits in the classroom after break Optional HW 10 and all “Young Republic” make-up materials still due by December 20

The Drive Westward migration in the early 1800 s was motivated by: • relatively cheap land • growth/overcrowding of Northeastern cities due to immigration • exhaustion of land due to tobacco/cotton agriculture • desire for freedom

Political & Social Factors 1. John Louis O’Sullivan coined the phrase “Manifest Destiny” in the Democratic Review (1839) – expansion as an American “right” 2. Horace Greeley, publisher of the New York Tribune advised, “Go West, young man, go West!” – expansion as a “safety valve” for easing social tensions 3. National Reform Association campaigned for free land with the slogan “vote yourself a farm!” – led to the free-soil movement and eventually the Homestead Act of 1862

Technology • Technology advances made expansion/settlement possible: – Samuel F. B. Morse’s telegraph (1832) – Cyrus Mc. Cormick’s mechanical reaper (1834) – Samuel Colt’s revolver (1836) – Expansion of the railway network (1830 s-on)

American Pioneers Move West Movement of settlers westward predated territorial expansion – Santa Fe Trail connected America with Southwest – growing attraction of California – access to the Pacific – Brigham Young led the Mormons to the Salt Lake basin in the 1840 s to escape persecution back east – Oregon Trail started in the 1830 s; settlers traveled by Conestoga wagon to the Willamette Valley

Western Trails

Texas Independence • Mexico offered land grants to Americans in the 1820 s; Stephen Austin was the most successful empresario (land agent) • tensions grew between Texans and Mexicans over cultural differences and slavery • President Santa Anna imposed taxes, rejected petitions for self-government, and sought to crush open rebellion in 1835 • Texas War of Independence (1835 -36) produced an independent Republic of Texas led by its own president, Sam Houston • Annexation by the U. S. was delayed by concerns over reopening the slavery debate, since Texans wanted to keep their slaves

“Remember the Alamo!” http: //10. 120. 2. 41/SAFARI/montage/play. php? frompage=play&keyindex=118462&location=005849&chapterskeyindex=3827 79&sceneclipskeyindex=-1

Westward Expansion • Work with your partner to complete Focus 17: Westward Expansion (due by Monday) • You can also work to complete Focus 16 (due today) if you have not already done so • Both focus activities are being collected for stand-alone formative credit • Homework 9 is also due Monday • Be prepared to bring exhibit research with you to the work session in lab 231 on Monday