Unit II Review Baseball Public Opinion Political Parties

Unit II: Review Baseball! Public Opinion, Political Parties & Interest Groups

n The U. S. Constitution requires that the government conduct an “actual enumeration” of the population every ___ years. n Why is the census competitive and important to politics? n What did the Supreme Court say about using sampling data instead of a literal head count for the census?

n The term “minority majority” refers to the fact that … n Which areas of the country are Americans moving to and why does that matter, politically? n ____ occurs after every census to reallocate the 435 seats in the U. S. House of Representatives, reflecting shifts in the population of the states and, thus, how many seats each state is allotted.

n The process through which an individual acquires his or her particular political orientations, including his or her knowledge, feelings, and evaluations regarding his or her political world, is known as _____ n In public opinion polling, a sample as small as around _____ people can faithfully represent the “universe” of Americans.

n The key to the accuracy of the public opinion polls is _____ n In 1936, the Literary Digest wrongly predicted the defeat of President Franklin Roosevelt, having polled over two million people. What was the problem? n A pollster using a representative sample of 1, 500 Americans to find that 52% support candidate X and 48% support candidate Y. What can the Pollster conclude?

n When is an exit poll taken and why is it potentially controversial? n A _______ is a coherent set of values and beliefs about public policy. n How would you label someone who is in favor of increased military spending, supported freedom of choice on abortion, opposed affirmative action programs, wanted to tax the rich more, and felt the courts should stop coddling criminals?

n Compared to men, women are more likely to support spending on what types of programs? n Ideologues, Group benefits voters, Nature-of- the-times voters, No-issue-content voters: most American voters fall in which category? n What is the largest segment of an American political party?

n How is a political party different than an interest group? n Why American political parties tend to take middle-of-the-road stands on major issues? n During most of the past 40 years, what has been the main trend in party identification in the United States?

n What is Ticket-splitting? Who is most likely to do it? n Which type of primary encourages party loyalty? n Each party holds a national convention every ____ years.

n A party era begins, or is made more certain, with a _____. n Since 1968 we have been in a party era referred to as _______. n In many other democracies, the system of awarding seats in the national legislature, unlike in the United States, is one of _______ representation.

n Explain the free rider problem. n Something of value that benefits both the actual and potential members of a group is a _____. n ______ is a communication by someone other than a citizen acting on his or her own behalf, directed to a government decision maker, particularly in the legislative and executive branch, with the hope of influencing his or her decision.

n How can a lobbyist help a member of Congress? n ______ are written arguments submitted by interest groups to the courts in support of one side of a case. n Right-to-work laws are the opposite of _____.

n A party's endorsement to officially run for office as the candidate of that party is called a ____. n The day-to-day activities of the national party are the responsibility of the ______. n ____ is a form of _____ where a law believed to be unjust is deliberately broken and the consequences are knowingly suffered. It is one of many forms of _______.