Unit I Style Format and Structure of Research

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Unit I Style, Format and Structure of Research Paper

Unit I Style, Format and Structure of Research Paper

Objectives • To identify different kinds of research paper • To identify methodology used

Objectives • To identify different kinds of research paper • To identify methodology used in different research paper • To provide guidelines for selecting researchable topic • To be familiarized with basic “IMRD” structure in research paper writing

Learning Activities • Online and classroom lectures • Online sharing and research • Group

Learning Activities • Online and classroom lectures • Online sharing and research • Group discussion and problem solving in class • Self-study worksheets and exercises

Definition of research • Nunan (1992): Research is a process of - Formulating questions,

Definition of research • Nunan (1992): Research is a process of - Formulating questions, problems or hypotheses - Collecting data or evidence - Analyzing or interpreting these data.

Type and Format • Basic types of research paper - Historical research - Comparative

Type and Format • Basic types of research paper - Historical research - Comparative research - Experimental research - Survey and Inventory - Case study

Research methods 1. Dialectics 論證法 Deductive, inductive and reasoning skills are used to get

Research methods 1. Dialectics 論證法 Deductive, inductive and reasoning skills are used to get a conclusion from theories, documents or researches done by other people.

2. Experiment 實驗法 To find out the co-relationship among variables: Experimental group: pretest treatment

2. Experiment 實驗法 To find out the co-relationship among variables: Experimental group: pretest treatment posttest Control group: pretest No posttest

3. Survey 問卷調查法 Using inventory or questionnaire to find out sampled participants’ opinion or

3. Survey 問卷調查法 Using inventory or questionnaire to find out sampled participants’ opinion or attitude. - Appropriate sampling method , data collecting and statistic analyzing process are used to get reliable and consistent results.

4. Case study 個案研究 • Focus on single case, group of people or implementation

4. Case study 個案研究 • Focus on single case, group of people or implementation of scientific methods and try to find out solutions of certain problems. • Interview, observation, inventory , tests, etc. , are used to measure the outcome.

Generating your Research Topic • Starting with your own hypothesis in your interested area.

Generating your Research Topic • Starting with your own hypothesis in your interested area. • Putting other people’s theories to test • Modifying a previous study with initiative ideas • Expand the scope of previous studies

Organizing your Hypothesis • Is the question clear and researchable ? Does it extend

Organizing your Hypothesis • Is the question clear and researchable ? Does it extend knowledge in the field of study? • Have you mastered the relevant background literature? • Is the proposed method suitable for exploring the question?

Structure of the Research paper • Structure varies in different field of study •

Structure of the Research paper • Structure varies in different field of study • In some specific areas, Related Literature is combined with Introduction. • Overall format: Abstract, Introduction (Related Literature), Method , Results, Conclusion, and References