UNIT I CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION DEFINATION TAYLOR Culture

UNIT – I CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION

DEFINATION TAYLOR “Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, art , belief, customs morale, law and many other capabilities acquired by a man as a member of the society”. SPECNCER HERBERT “ Culture is a psychic unity of mankind”.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE Culture is social Culture is learned Culture is shared Culture is distinctive Culture is dynamic culture is super organic Culture is ideal

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE LANGUAGE It is a source of communication which transmit message from one person to other. Family plays an important role in learning the language It is a foundation of all culture man follows

SYMBOLS Symbols are used to represent event situation It is used to show an event of past, present and future. Eg- religious symbols, flags, statues etc

NORMS Norms as element of culture are the rules and regulations. It exist in both formal and informal It can be divided into 1. Folkways 2. Mores

VALUES Values are something good, desirable and worthwhile. Values and norms are interdependent. Values are hereditary.

BELIEFS Belief is responsible for the spiritual fulfillment of needs and wants. Worship to God, belief in bad omen, magic, evils, etc. are part of cultural belief.

COGNITIVE ELEMENTS It is those through which an individual know how to cope with an existing social situation. Eg- shelter during natural calamities, travel and transport, etc

CIVILIZATION DEFINATION GOLDENWEISER “ Civilization is synonymous to culture” ADAMS “Civilization is essentially high developed organization”

CONCEPT OF CIVILIZATION 1. It is found in large scale social system. 2. People are urbanized and sophisticated 3. It is certified by brilliance 4. It incorporate high degree of control over material world. 5. Social conflicts, antagonistic society, political power are attached to it.

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