UNIT 9 COMPLEX SENTENCES By Vanny Martianova Y

UNIT 9 COMPLEX SENTENCES By Vanny Martianova Y. , S. S. , M. Hum. @Vanny. Ningtias

� Simple sentence : Independent clause (IC) � Compound sentence : ◦ IC + IC (connector) ◦ I love you but I hate you � Complex sentence ◦ IC + DC (dependent clause) ◦ I love you ◦ Because you are handsome

COMPLEX SENTENCE KALIMAT YANG TERDIRI ATAS 1 KALIMAT/KLAUSA UTAMA (independent clause) DAN 1 ATAU LEBIH ANAK KALIMAT (DEPENDENT CLAUSE) = kalimat majemuk bertingkat Independent Clause: kalimat yg bs bdiri sndiri. (ex. I love you) • Dependent clause: kalimat yg tdk bs bdiri sndr. Ex. Which I love so much because I love you who studies in Diponegoro University •

� Simple sentence (Independent clause-S +V) ◦ I love you (I. C. ) ◦ You love me (I. C. ) ◦ I hate you (I. C. ) � Compound sentence (Kal. Majemuk setara) ◦ Connectors: and, but, yet, so, for, nor �I love you, and you love me �I love you, but I hate you � Complex sentence (Kal. Majemuk bertingkat) ◦ I love you (I. C. / induk kalimat) ◦ Because you love me (D. C. /anak kalimat) �I love you because you love me

JENIS – JENIS DEPENDENT CLAUSE � ADJECTIVE CLAUSE � ADVERB CLAUSE � NOUN CLAUSE

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE � Fungsi: menerangkan kata benda/kata ganti (Noun/Pronoun). � Ciri: ada who, whom, whose, which, that. � Rule: Who = utk orang = sbg subjek/pelaku Whom = utk orang = sbg objek/yang dikenai Whose = sbg kepemilikan Which = utk selain orang = sbg S/O/kepemilikan That = utk orang/non-orang = sbg S/O/kepemilikan YANG � When—time/waktu � Where—place/tempat � Why—reason/sebab/alasan

Who = utk orang = sbg subjek/pelaku Farhan is my friend. He studies in Undip. farhan who studies in Undip is my friend (CS) farhan studying in Undip is my friend (SS) Farhan is happy. He just kissed 3 girls. farhan who just kissed 3 girls is happy (CS) Farhan just kissing 3 girls is happy (SS) Whom = utk orang = sbg objek/yang dikenai Farhan is handsome. Stefani likes him so much. farhan whom stefani likes so much is handsome. Farhan is happy. He was just kissed by 3 girls. farhan whom was just kissed by 3 girls is happy

Whose = sbg kepemilikan =yang punya/yg memiliki Aditya is rich. He has 4 cars/houses/wives. Aditya whose 4 cars is rich Aditya who has 4 cars is rich The table is new. It has 5 legs. the table whose 5 legs is new. the table which has 5 legs is new Which = utk selain orang = sbg S/O/kepemilikan � Aditya has 2 cats. They like to cuddle. ◦ Aditya has 2 cats which like to cuddle

� When—time/waktu � Where—place/tempat � Why—reason/sebab/alasan �I don’t know the reason why you leave me �I hate Tuesday. I have english class on Tuesday. �I love Undip. I study biology in Undip. ◦ I hate Tuesday when I have english class ◦ I hate Tuesday on which I have english class ◦ I love Undip where I study biology ◦ I love Undip in which I study biology

ADVERB CLAUSE � � a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Klausa keterangan Fungsi seperti adverb FUNGSI: menerangkan kt. Sifat, kt. kerja, kt. keterangan. Jenis – jenis: adverb yg menerangkan…. time/waktu: after, before, whenever, as long as, since, as, until, while. Location/tempat: where Reason/alasan: since, because of, due to, despite, in spite of, inasmuch as. Contrast/pertentangan: while, although, even if, nevertheless, however, eventhough Comparison/perbandingan: so … that, such…that Condition/syarat: if, as if, Result/akibat: thus, so that , Hence, Therefore Simple sentence a. Purpose/tujuan: so ***** manner/cara: -ly, quickly, beautifully, gracefully, etc.

Adverb clause � Klausa keterangan � Dependent clause connector + S + V � Fungsi: seperti adverb � menerangkan Verb, Adverb, Adjective � connector

� Since; because of; due to; inasmuch as karena Since, because, inasmuch as S+V � Adi didn’t go to campus because/since he was sick � Inasmuch as adi was sick, he didn’t go to campus � Adi didn’t go to campus because it rained hard � because of; due to Noun/verb-ing/pronoun � Adi didn’t go to campus because of sickness/thypus/dengue fever/cough/runny nose � Adi didn’t go to campus because of/due to the rain/raining � Because of you , I can be more successful � I am so sad because of you/Yahya �

walaupun � Despite/in spite of noun/verb ing � Yoga keeps going to campus despite the rain/raining � Yoga still went to campus in spite of his sickness � Although/even though S+V � Yoga keeps going to campus although/even though it is raining � Yoga still went to campus even though he was sick � It is raining hard, yoga keeps going to campus though � Yoga still went to campus nonetheless he was sick � It is raining hard. However/nevertheless/nonetheless, yoga keeps going to campus.

� � � � So. . That (adjective/adverb) Begitu. . . sehingga Stefanus is so cute that Stefani loves him so much. The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it Kevin rides his motorcycle so fast/quickly that the police fined him You are so beautiful that I fall in love with you Such. . . that (tengah harus ada Noun) Steafnus is such a cute man that Stefani loves him so much. It is such a hot coffee that I can’t drink it. It is such a hot weather that I really want to swim Kevin is such a fast rider that I can’t catch him You are such a beautiful girl that I fall in love with you Today is such a beautiful day that I want to go to the beach

�I will always love you as long as you love me � I will always love you whether you love me or not � Melinda is crying as if she has just seen a ghost � I will always wait for you even if you don’t love me anymore � Rijon is handsome so that Vindy falls in love with him � The coffee is so hot that I cant drink it � Daniel is such a handsome boy that many girls are crazy in love with him � Ryan and Anugerah are such smart students that they get 4. 5 gpa

TIPS � SETELAH CONJUNCTION: WAJIB/FARDHU ‘AIN/HARUS/KUDU ADA: SUBJECT + VERB � ◦ VERB (KATA KERJA, TO BE, MODAL) �I WILL GO TO CAMPUS AFTER I TAKE A SHOWER � After I take a shower, before I will go to campus ◦ After I take a shower, I will go to campus ◦ I take a shower before I will go to campus � Oki IS CRYING BECAUSE HE IS IN THE MARKET ALONE � After Regita took a shower, went to campus ◦ After Regita took a shower, she went to campus � Regita had taken a shower before went to campus ◦ Regita had taken a shower before she went to campus

Noun clause � Klausa benda � Dependent clause: connector + S + V � Fungsi: seperti kata benda (NOUN) � Connector: � That, if, what, when, where, why, etc

Noun clause Klausa benda (connector+Subject+verb) � Fungsi : seperti kata benda � Subject � Tempe is delicious � What my mom is frying now is delicious � Object � I love Monday � I love when I have english class (noun clause) � ◦ I love Monday when I have english class (adjective clause) Object of preposition � Polines is beside Undip (jaya) � ◦ Polines is beside where we study Capture Fisheries

Noun clause connector+S+V � Tempe � What is delicious. my mom is frying now is delicious S � I hate Wednesday. V ◦ I hate when I have additional english class. � Polines is beside Undip � “where do you live? He asked ◦ Polines is beside where we study ARM ◦ He asked me where I lived

� Where do you live? ◦ He asked me where you live � Who are you? ◦ I don’t understand who you are. You have changed � What do you want? ◦ I don’t know what you want. � Why do you love me? ◦ I want to know why you love me � Kalimat tanya: wh + verb + S � Noun clause: wh + S + verb

� Bisa sbg: � Subject ◦ Tempe is delicious ◦ What my mom is frying now is delicious � Object ◦ I hate Monday ◦ I hate when I have english class �I hate Monday on which/when I have english class (adj. clause) � Object of Preposition ◦ Polines is beside Undip ◦ Polines is beside where we study mechanical design engineering

�I want to know your address � I want to know where you live � Wh+ Verb+S? questions ◦ What do you want? ◦ When will you marry me? ◦ Who are you? � Wh + S + Verb noun clause ◦ I don’t understand what you want ◦ I want to know when you will marry me ◦ I don’t know who you are

Noun clause � � � � Klausa benda Fungsi: seperti Noun clause: connector: S + V Subject Tempe is delicious What my mom is fryi ng now is delicious � � � � � Object I love Wednesday I love when I have english class (noun clause) I love Wednesday when I have english class (adjective clause) I love where I study Capture fisheries I miss where I live so much Object of preposition Polines is beside Undip. Polines is beside where we are studying CF now

NOUN CLAUSE � Klausa benda � Fungsi: seperti kata benda, yaitu: bisa mjd: S, O, atau O of preposition. � Ciri: ada kata that, if, whether, what, where , which, whose, why, when, how. � That (bahwa) : biasanya dipakai pada kalimat yg menggunakan It + to be + Adjective sbg awalnya. � Ex. It is lucky that you got the scholarship. � It is so awesome that Beckham visited Semarang � It is so sad that Sriwijaya FC lost the match. � It is tiring that we have to revise our report. � It is so terrible that many babies become victims of the haze problem in Riau.

Kalimat tanya � WH-words ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ + Verb + S…? Who are You? What is your father? What do you want? How are you? Why do you love me? Why are you crying? Where will you go?

Noun clause � WH-words ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ + S + Verb Who are You? who you are What is your father? What your father is What do you want? what you want How are you? how you are Why do you love me? why you love me Why are you crying? why you are crying Where will you go? where you will go � Perbedaan question vs noun clause � Wh-words+verb+S WH-words + S + Verb

Tips � Ada soal yang ada kata tanya –nya ◦ Kata tanya (5 W 1 H) nya di depan dan ada tanya maka : diikuti Verb + S �Why do you love me? �Where do you live? ◦ Kata tanya (5 W 1 H) nya di tengah /sebagai noun clause maka diikuti : S + Verb (to be/verb/modal) �I want to know why you love me. �He wanted to know where you live

Who, which, what � Both connector and subject �I know Anggi is sleeping in the classroom. � I know who is sleeping in the classroom. �I know it. it happened last night. � I know what happened last night

� Kata tanya biasanya posisi paling depan (kata tanya yang berfungsi sbg kalimat tanya) � Setelah kata tanya diikuti Verb + Subject ◦ Why do you love me? ◦ Who are you? ◦ What is your mother? � Kata tanya biasanya posisi di tengah (kata tanya yang berfungsi sbg penanda noun clause) � Setelah kata tanya diikuti Subject + Verb

�I don’t know what you say. (it/that) � What he likes made me afraid. (racing) � He wants to know where I live. (my house)