UNIT 8 Modal Verbs must should ought to

UNIT 8 -Modal Verbs( must, should, ought to, shall, will and would) Jorge Hernández Julián Monzón

When is MUST used? � To express obligation (must) and past obligation (had to) You must do what the instructions sais. We had to answer to 50% of the questions to pass the exam. � To express prohibition (mustn't) You mustn't talk when the teacher is talking.

� To make deductions from evidences (must) They must be coming, its almost time. � Past deductions (must + have + past participle) Charles must have gone, I haven't seen him since long time. � Future deductions (must be going to + infinitive) They bought lots of drinks, they must be going to do a party at home.

Other reasons: � To give strong advice (must/mustn´t) You must study for the exam. � To make recommendations (must/mustn´t) You must see Avatar, it´s a great film. � Referring to a strong necessity (must) You must eat, if not you will die.

When is OUGHT TO and SHOULD used? They mean the same…you can use which you prefer or is better (register) � To say that something looks likely as it is normal It´s 9: 30, mom should have dinner already done. � To suggest a good idea to do You ought to tell the teacher what happened.

� To express a duty or a weak obligation you have to do You should let people go out before you go in. � To criticize attitudes or actions Charles, you shouldn´t talk with your mouth full. � To give importance of doing something We ought to bring winter cloths, it´s snowing there. � To refer to a necessity You ought to take sun cream to the beach if you don't want a sun burn.

Other forms: � Negatives (oughtn´t to/should not) Charles shouldn´t go outside with that cloths, he will freeze. � Past (ought to/should + have + past participle) You ought to have asked what you wanted before getting it by yourself.

When is WILL and WOULD used? � To make polite invitations (would more polite) Will you reserve me this seat, please? � To describe normal habits (will) Charles will tell us things that happened to him. *Will (stressed) means irritation: Charles will never take his plate when he finishes dinner.

�To talk about PAST habits (would/n´t) Every day Charles would get up very early. *Would (stressed) means irritation: He would keep driving drunk. At the end he got cought by the police. �To make a demand insist at something in the future You will go out of my class! You will stop smoking or I´ll tell mom. *Will and would are also used for conditionals

“Thank you for your attention”